Was Shakespeare Really in Love? Essay -- William Shakespeare Playwrigh

Was Shakespeare Really in Love? William Shakespeare is seemingly probably the best writer ever, and he is absolutely one of the most notable scholars throughout the entire existence of writing. Shakespeare is a great case of how craftsmanship and writing can contact such huge numbers of people’s lives and hearts. His work has been appreciated by a large number of individuals for a long time, and today, his plays are as yet being performed day by day everywhere throughout the world. He composed a sum of thirty-seven plays and 154 works in the course of his life. Plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth are perceived by a great many people, and they, combined with his excellent works, are clear proof that Shakespeare was a sentimental man. More than 400 years prior, Shakespeare was conceived in Stratford-upon-Avon, around 100 miles northwest of London, in April of 1564. Shakespeare was the main child and the third kid destined to his folks, John and Mary Shakespeare. His dad was a â€Å"glover,† a creator, specialist and merchant of cowhide products, for example, gloves, totes, and belts. Most researchers concur that Shakespeare went to the Stratford sentence structure school, where he took in the English letters in order, just as perusing and writing in Latin. In language structure school, Shakespeare would have been presented to Latin creators, for example, Cicero, Virgil, Seneca, and Ovid. It was in sentence structure school that Shakespeare began to look all starry eyed at writing, yet when Shakespeare was around thirteen years of age, his dad had to remove him from language structure school to assist him with the business at home. Most researchers trust Shakespeare kept getting a charge out of Latin and English writing all through his whole lifetime. Obviously, he knew about such writing, and a long lasting understudy, in light of the fact that a considerable lot of his plays are designed according to pr... ...Shakespeare. New York: Addison-Wesley Instructive Publishers Inc., 2002. Mabillard, Amanda. â€Å"Shakespeare of Stratford.†Shakespeare Online. 2000. http://www.shakespeare-online.com/life story/default.asp. (11/20/2002). Kinney, Sarah. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Marriage †Is it Reflected in His Plays?† http://www.calvin.edu/scholarly/engl/346/proj/skinney.htm. (11/27/2002). Almasy, Rudolph. Daniel, Rebecca. Gerlach, Jeanne. â€Å"Revisiting Shakespeare and Gender.†Digital Library and Archives. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/WILLA/fall96/gerlach.html Dark, Terry. â€Å"1564 Birth and Early Years.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"1582 Marriage.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"1608 Romance and Reconciliation.†A Shakespeare Timeline. 1998. http://shakespeare.palomar.edu/course of events/timeline.htm Ward, Ian. â€Å"Shakespeare and the Politics of Community.† Early Modern Literary Studies. 1999. http://www.shu.ac.uk/emls/04-3/wardshak.html

Three Year Degree Exception- Petition Letter Essay Example for Free

Three Year Degree Exception-Petition Letter Essay I am a persistent, persevering understudy presenting this appeal before you. I wish to seek after my Masters’ in Information Technology in the U.S. what's more, I have the primer qualification of a Bachelors’ from Osmania University in India. I have additionally a post graduate certificate that I acquired from an expert association Comp-u-Serve.  â â â â In India, an understudy gets qualified to apply for his Masters’ not long after he finishes the multi year thorough educational program at Bachelors’ and this is comparable to the multi year degree in the US. I was amidst proper instruction from Vivekananda School of PG Studies which is a DOEACC †B Level Program,[ proportional to Master’s In Computer applications on finish ] when I went to the US to take up work at General Electric, since the esteemed offer was too acceptable a chance to miss. I would have finished my Masters’ in India had it not been for the awesome chance to go to the US and I demand the specialists to consider the way that I do have a Bachelors’ in Commerce from a University, a Diploma in Computer Applications and further proper training at Vivekananda School of Post Graduate Studies that gives me an extra 12 semester long periods of credit as assessed by CED Evaluations. The instruction framework in India prepares an understudy satisfactorily to seek after a Masters’ after the multi year term of Bachelors’. The course educational plan and number of hours an understudy needs to place in during his Bachelors’ are intended to suit this reason. The understudy gets an inside and out exhaustive preparing in the Major he picks and there are unified subjects that are given equivalent significance. When an understudy gets his Bachelors’ he is adequately prepared to confront the difficulties over the span of his Masters’, in light of the fact that the multi year degree course educational plan is serious, and requires an inside and out investigation of the significant picked. It was this University level of Commerce and the PC aptitudes procured over the span of my certificate that got me a fantastic work opportunity in the US. This stands declaration to the way that the multi year University degree given by an Indian University is in the same class as the multi year degree that makes an understudy qualified for his Masters’ in the USA.Many meriting understudies who effectively complete their multi year University degree get Campus situations and rewarding business offers.  â    I got keen on the field of Finance in my High School which persuaded me to get a University Degree in Commerce. In any case, statistical surveying demonstrated a developing interest for PC items and administrations and subsequently I chose to seek after a business identified with Computer items. Being a Commerce understudy I needed to be presented to Computer Applications first, and that is the reason I originally decided to get a recognition at Comp-u-serve. My rationale was to get an orderly preparing in Information Systems which would empower me to offer one of a kind administrations and answers for corporate houses. Consequently I chose to take up a vocation as a Computer Professional to all the more likely comprehend the down to earth parts of business. Afterward, I likewise joined a Master’s program in Computer Applications to upgrade my specialized information to the fullest coming up next are the courses that I concentrated during my preparation at Vivekananda.1. IT Tools and Applications.2 Business Systems.3 Programming and Problem Solving through C Language .4 Computer Organisation.5 Structured System Analysis Design.  â â â I passed three of these however I had to end my examinations since I needed to come abroad.  â â â .Now my incomplete instruction would get satisfaction just by getting entrance into a Masters’ program in the US. The Bachelor’s of Commerce for my situation is comparable to Bachelor’s of Business Administration as assessed by CED Evaluation. I have had great work involvement with the field of Technology since I was a framework chairman at Wintech Computers for a long time, a Client Service Analyst for a long time at GE and an IT Consultant for a long time at Mascon Global Consulting.  â â â â â The Indian framework offers a Bachelors’ [a University degree] following three years and that is the reason I needed to take up the multi year course. I do have a post graduate certificate in PC applications, a conventional training in my customary post Graduate examinations in Computer Applications for a half year and adequate related understanding. I modestly demand you to offer load to these realities and award me a special case to the multi year college degree arrangement as I have a multi year degree. I am certain that I would have the option to fulfill all needs in the course educational plan of my Masters’ in Information Systems., since I have the establishing just as inspiration to finish the course effectively. I have fundamental introduction to hypothetical information on PCs, capable and important useful involvement with the field, and a composite sharpening of aptitudes and far reaching information in Computer Applications would just be given by a Masters’ .I guarantee you of my qualification to seek after this and solicitation you to treat my multi year University degree in India as the multi year qualification measures of the US.

Why I Believe In Voluntary Euthanasia Essays - Euthanasia

Why I Believe In Voluntary Euthanasia Why I Believe In Voluntary Euthanasia There are in any event two types of self destruction. One is 'passionate self destruction', or nonsensical self-murder in every last bit of it complexities and misery. Let me accentuation on the double that my perspective on this appalling type of implosion is equivalent to that of the self destruction mediation development and the remainder of society, which is to forestall it at every possible opportunity. I don't bolster any type of self destruction for psychological wellness or enthusiastic reasons. Yet, I do say that there is a second type of self destruction - legitimate self destruction, that is, sound and arranged self- redemption from an excruciating and miserable sickness which will right away end in death. I don't think the word 'self destruction' sits well in this unique circumstance yet we are left with it. Many have attempted to promote the term 'self-liberation' however it is a daunting struggle since the news media is enamored with the words 'helped self destruction'. Additionally, we need to confront the way that the law calls all types of implosion 'self destruction.' Let me bring up here for the individuals who probably won't know it that self destruction is not, at this point a wrongdoing anyplace in the English-talking world. (It used to be, and was deserving of giving all the dead individual's cash and products to the legislature.) Attempted self destruction is not, at this point a wrongdoing, albeit under wellbeing laws an individual can in most states be persuasively put in a mental medical clinic for three days for assessment. In any case, giving help with self destruction stays a wrongdoing, aside from in the Netherlands lately under specific conditions, and it has never been a wrongdoing in Switzerland, Germany, Norway and Uruguay. The remainder of the world rebuffs help with self destruction for both the intellectually sick and the in critical condition, in spite of the fact that the state of Oregon as of late (Nov. l994) passed by voting form Measure 16 a restricted doctor helped self destruction law. At present (Feb. l995) this is held up in the law courts. Regardless of whether a pitifully sick individual is mentioning help with passing on for the most humane reasons, and the aide is acting from the most respectable of thought processes, it stays a wrongdoing in the Somewhat English American world. Disciplines extend from fines to fourteen a long time in jail. It is this catch-all disallowance which I and others wish to change. In a mindful society, under the standard of law, we guarantee that there must be special cases. Starting point OF THE WORD The word 'willful extermination' originates from the Greek - eu, great, what's more, thanatos, passing. Actually, great demise. Be that as it may, the word 'willful extermination' has procured an increasingly unpredictable importance in current occasions. It is commonly interpreted these days as meaning taking care of accomplishing a decent passing. Self destruction, self-redemption, auto-killing, guide in-kicking the bucket, helped self destruction - call it what you like - can be defended by the normal supporter of the alleged 'option to pass on' development for the accompanying reasons: Propelled terminal disease that is causing deplorable enduring to the person. This is the most widely recognized motivation to look for an early end. Grave physical debilitation which is limiting to such an extent that the individual can't, much after due thought, guiding and re-preparing, endure such a restricted presence. This is a reasonably uncommon purpose behind self destruction - most impeded individuals adapt amazingly well with their pain - however there are some who might, at a certain point, rather kick the bucket. What are the moral parameters for willful extermination? The individual is a full grown-up. This is basic. The specific age will rely upon the individual yet the individual ought not be a minor who go under very various laws. The individual has plainly settled on a thought about choice. An individual has the capacity these days to demonstrate this with a Living Will (which applies just to separation of life underpins) and can likewise, in the present progressively open and lenient atmosphere about such activities, uninhibitedly talk about the choice of willful extermination with wellbeing experts, family, legal counselors, and so on. The willful extermination has not been completed at the first information on a dangerous ailment, and sensible clinical help has been tried to fix or if nothing else hinder the terminal infection. I don't have faith in surrendering life the moment an individual is educated that the person has a terminal sickness. (This is a normal confusion spread by our faultfinders.) Life is valuable, you just pass thusly once, and merits a battle. It is the point at which the battle is unmistakably sad and the desolation, physical and mental, is agonizing that a last exit is a choice. Specialist AS FRIEND The treating doctor has been educated, approached to be included, and their reaction been considered.

Investigation Essay Topics

Investigation Essay TopicsThe purpose of your investigation essay is to gain acceptance into a college. Of course, you want to be accepted, but you do not want to lose the integrity of your investigation essay. So it is important that you use your investigation essays to get ahead of the curve and understand what sort of experiences are being questioned.Admission rates and acceptance rate can be manipulated, but research is expensive. With the explosion of the Internet, it is important to gain as much information as possible in order to apply for admission. The information available on the Internet is rich with information that you would need in order to make a strong, interesting, and persuasive essay.You are in college to earn a degree, not to be tied down to a particular institution, but an education degree. So make sure that your investigation essays speak about the kind of experience that you would have gained if you were accepted into the school.During the process of choosing a college, a committee will review your application essay topics. From the information provided, they will determine whether you have the best academic record, academic maturity, writing skills, and the other information that are needed for that specific college.They will use your admissions essay to compare your academic background to other applicants and then evaluate your strengths and weaknesses so that they can make an assessment on whether you will be a good match for their school. It is easy to manipulate the college admission process by using your own personal information and writing essay topics based on an existing stereotype.This stereotype is one that has been used throughout history and is what we all carry with us to this day. When we are born into a certain culture, race, or religion, we automatically think that is what people like and should do. Your investigation essay should not reflect this, as you are applying to a college to go and do something different.Although investigating the culture of the college is something that you should never do, it is a fine line that needs to be navigated. If you do not do this correctly, you could lose credibility with the committee. As always, be smart, be innovative, and enjoy writing your investigation essay topics.

How Does Racial Worldview Affect Our Understanding Of The...

Research Paper Final Draft Name: Abdullah Mohammad Naseer-213152275 Section: UNI 123 (04D) Teacher: Aylin Yurdacan Date: 21.08.2015 Question: The author writes that the modern age has been defined by the â€Å"racial worldview† in what ways does racial worldview affect our understanding of the world? What negative consequences may it lead to in daily life? The idea of race has not been emphasized until our modern time. The term came to common use in the 18th century. Despite multiple technical definitions, they all aim to categorize humans by the physical traits. In the United States for example, a race is a group of people who have common relationship with each other like, colour of skin, hair and texture. Looking at the popular beliefs, social policies and practices in America regarding race between 18th to 20th centuries reveal the emergence and development of racial worldview about human differences. Furthermore racial worldview affects our understanding of the world and it has negative consequences in daily life. A racial worldview is inherently divisive rather than uniting and gives rise to animosity, racial segregation, class domination, stereotyping and discrimination. Firstly, how racial worldview affect our understanding of the world. Worldview a person s or a group s values, goals, concepts of the future, definitions of truth, etc. Naturally, you can see how differing worldviews have caused most conflicts historically. And one of these historical conflicts isShow MoreRelatedRacial Worldview And Its Impact On Our Understanding Of The World917 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil our modern time. The term came to common use in the 18th century. Despite multiple technical definitions, they all aim to categorize humans by the physical traits. In the United States for example, a race is a group of people who have common relationship with each other like, colour of skin, hair and texture. Looking at the popular beliefs, social policies and practices in America regarding race between 18th to 20th centuries reveals the emergence and development of racial worldview about humanRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Family With Cultural Backgrounds Of Different Cultural Groups1438 Words   |  6 Pageslook at my beliefs and values and how I associated them to other cultural groups. I also know the importance of being family with cultural backgrounds of different cultural groups. I am also aware that I need understand any kind prejudice and discrimination that has gone through in the past or is presently experiencing. I did not choose a higher number because there are some areas in myself that I need to work on. I think I need more time to learn about myself and how I view other cultures. I did notRead MoreReflections Of Week 1 : 41399 Words   |  6 Pagesperceive as being embedded within that class. This has reinforced in me the importance of now allowing generalisations to be made between race and class, for example, assuming that because a person does not wear shoes, they are inferior or of a lower class. My earliest memory of any learning about my own racial identity is not one of who I was. I had a discussion with my parents at a young age and they told me to always walk to the other side of the road if I saw an indigenous person walking towards meRead MoreThe Between White And Black1555 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Over centuries now, the white racial frame has kept this strong obsessive focus on black Americans as the dominant issue, problem, or reference point in an array of US institutional areas. Huge amounts of white energy has been expended on preserving systemic racism, including on the written and oral rationalizations of the societal reality† (Feagin 99). The dichotomy between white and black has been happening for centuries, you see it in history books, the mainstream media, and even within mainstreamRead MoreRace And The Color S Lives2163 Words   |  9 Pagessocial status disparity, segregation, discrimination, oppression and hatred. It has been, as an un-detach able part of our society, constructed, developed, and reformed, together with the history of America. Regarding the matter of race, in this article, I would like to find out the differences between academic and practical discourse of race, and how racial categorization affects people’s lives. To support the article, I will incorporate studies from anthropologists with information gathered fromRead MoreExploring the Different Types of Helpers1442 Words   |  6 Pagestheir friends, peers, and colleague succeed. Almost everyone has the capacity to be a helper, but only some can develop the skills needed to help people effectively. Those who choose not to help may have a negative view of the helping role complaining how it is more work and less satisfaction. There is much time and energy spent in dealing with people’s problems and it can be overwhelming trying to balance with a helper’s life, but when someone overcomes their issues because of the helper’s g uidanceRead MoreMulticulturalism Surrounded External And Internal Interactions.1796 Words   |  8 Pagesshaped by their experience and the culture they live in. Their reality of the world is a view that is influenced by collected knowledge and preference of a majority group. We as people understand that generalizations are not representative of everyone but we nevertheless hold people to these generalized standards. Berry (2005) highlights the differences and interactions between group level and individual level processes and how they influence acculturation. He defined acculturation as â€Å"the dual processRead Moremulticultural team Essay4989 Words   |  20 Pagesdifferent countries and have hybrid cultural identities. Globalization and the advances in communication and transportation technology have reduced trade barriers and increased interaction among people. Multicultural teams have become more common in our organizations, and contemporary international management literature has identiï ¬ ed that the management of multicultural teams is an important aspect of human resource management. Recent studies have focussed on the positive eï ¬â‚¬ects of using multiculturalRead MoreEssay about Disparities in Education of Minorities in the United States2745 Words   |  11 Pagesdisparities among various ethno-racial groups that make up the United States has been a long studied topic. Theories have ranged widely in what they consider as the primary factors for these disparities. Biological and individualist perspectives have cited inherent genetic inferiorities as the cause of these disparities. Others have taken into account social forces but have maintained that the cause is due to the creation of a culture of subordination and poverty that does not allow social advancementRead MoreRoles And Mission Of The Counselor2699 Words   |  11 Pagescounseling field, most counselors, although they may not be aware, act as social justice advocates on the behalf of their clients when linking or representing the client in different settings. In the article titled, Relationship Between a Belief in a Just World and Social Justice Advocacy Attitudes of School Counselors, the authors suggests that â€Å"†¦ school counselor trainees and school counselors currently in practice must continually examine their personal belief systems in order to engage in advocacy work

Their Eyes Were Watching God - 1335 Words

Finding love and freedom in the nature â€Å"The right of nature is the liberty each man hath to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life† (Hobbes). In this quote, it demonstrates that nature creates every creature with their own power. Nature would punish those people who take power from others.In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston tells us a story about Janie who has three relationships with three different men, she learns how to find freedom and true love from nature. The marriage with Logan Killicks makes her understand that marriage does not mean love; sometimes, love can tarnish the freedom of divine nature. After Janie is disappointed in Logan, she†¦show more content†¦Death is the punishment hand to him by nature for always being a master over nature and people. For instance, he orders people to cut many car loads of lumber in order to build buildings. Additionally, he is ext remely mean to the other people who live in the town but treats himself as a white person. Furthermore â€Å"Huge square toes† is just like Joe’s big white house which stands bizarrely among the other little houses. â€Å"Without sides to it, and without a roof† means that when death is coming nobody can save him because this is the punishment from nature. When taken from the perspective of nature, all living things, men, women, and animals should be equal. While Joe is developing the town, he is breaking the balance as well, thus he deserve to be punished. This also reflects under the patriarchy, Janie’s life is boring and limited. Her second marriage is dead. Nature gives back Janie’s freedom through the death of Joe. Janie’s third husband, Tea Cake enabled to truly understand understand the feeling of freedom and the eternal love is from nature. After Tea Cake and Janie go to the Big Lake Okechobee, they are attracted by beautiful views. â€Å"Ah naw, honey. Ah laks it. It’s mo’ nicer than settin’ round dese quarters all day. Clerkin’ in dat store wuz hard, but heah, we ain’t got nothin’ tuh do but do our work and com home and love† (Huston133). In this quote, Janie is very willing to do work with Tea Cake. Her willingness is very differentShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiver searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realized true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eyes Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emotionalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words à ‚  |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreWhose eyes were watching God?1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhose eyes were watching God? In the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey manipulates events that happened in the book by Zora Neale Hurston. Oprah morphs many relationships in the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God. She changes the role of gender, and also makes changes in Janie’s character strength. Oprah also changes the symbolism in the movie to where some important symbols in the book change to less important roles. Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

Entrepreneurship Dash Boutique

Questions: Part (a) Select a small firm of your choice (any country) in the business to business or business to consumer sectors that has been trading for no more than 10 years and present it as a business case study (a social entrepreneurial enterprise will also be acceptable). Cover the history of the business, the nature of the business, the main target markets served by the business, the objectives set for the next five years, the original vision and mission set for the new venture by the entrepreneur. Use analytical frameworks in your work. (Recommended word length 500 words time allowed 5 minutes) Part (b) Using the case study you have constructed from the above task as a vehicle for discussion and analysis and using appropriate evaluative frameworks critically appraise and discuss the organisations approach to opportunity recognition and product and/ or service innovation. Suggest how a more entrepreneurial approach to product and/ or service innovation might be used by management to reduce the risk associated with new product and service development and the general performance of the firm. Present your suggestions and recommendations in the form of 12 months business plan for product and/ or service innovation strategy objectives, targets, planning, budgets, implementation and control. Use analytical frameworks in your work. (Recommended word length 1,000 words time allowed 10 minutes) Case Study Analysis Using the case study for the start-up company developed and discussed in assignment 1 for analysis and as a vehicle for further discussion, critically evaluate how the firm uses internal marketing to achieve an entrepreneurial culture, staff motivation, improved performance and staff retention. You are to pay particular attention to how owner/management uses internal marketing in achieving an entrepreneurial orientated culture within the firm and how this impacts on performance at the individual and corporate level. Having appraised the firms approach in this area put forward entrepreneurial suggestions as to how management might be able to improve the internal marketing function. Put your suggestions in the form of a management report to be discussed by senior staff. Use examples of good internal marketing practice by small entrepreneurial firms available in the academic and business literature in your work and use the case study developed in assignment 1 as a vehicle for discussion . Answer: Introduction The study will shed immense light on the clothing and accessory chain that has been founded in 2006 and is popularly known as the Dash (boutique). The firm deals in the clothing and accessories section and is regulated and owned by Kardashian sisters. The study will cover all the divisions of the company, which includes the history and mature of the business. Moreover, the chief targets that are served by the business have been analyzed within the study, along with the objectives of Dash (boutique) in the next five years. Part (a) History of the business The business of Dash (boutique) does not have any long history as the firm has been established in 2006, and is operating in the market only for 9 years. However, the firm has built a huge reputation within the market in this small span of time. The company chain has been spread in four locations in the United States. Nature of the business The business is retail in nature, which sells various types of garments and accessories in the market. The store has also introduced a new section of jewelries that have attracted various customers in the recent time. Moreover, the firm recently has also planned to expand in the section of selling various designer items. Major targets served by the business The major targets that are served by the business during the last 5 years are regarding the increasing of the sales revenue. Dash (boutique) has also served the target of expanding into various clothing and garments section. The firm within this small span of time has succeeded to a huge extent as it can be seen from the financial statements of the firm. Objectives of the business in the next five years The business has a huge scope to expand in the recent time and hence, the management of the firm should be able to build on this massive opportunity. The objectives of the business in the next five years are stated below: To list its name in the various professional magazine To increase the sales of the firm by 12.75 % per year To expand into other section of products To expand into various other locations Vision of the new venture The firm in the recent time has launched the Miami Dash Boutique, which have a huge display in the official website of the company. Dash (boutique) has launched this new section in order to gain access with the consumers that like purchasing online. Mission of the new venture The most pivotal mission of the new venture is to increase the sales revenue of the firm and to acquire new consumers as well. Moreover, the firm will also be able get access to the horizon of consumers who have a huge tendency to avail the section of online shopping. Part (b) Critical analysis of the future entrepreneurial approach The launching of new ventures is of utmost important for any growing firm and Dash (boutique) is not an exception to the same. The screening of the entrepreneurs with various tools of strategy will launch a successful new place for the business of Dash (boutique) in the global market. However, detailed study regarding the company also showed that the new venture planning of Dash (boutique) is not having a huge amount of positivity within it. One of the major reasons to that is the approach and the strategies that are adopted by the management of the firm is not well constructed. Rationale of the study What is the issue? The issue is regarding the expansion and marketing procedure of the new products. The new division of products that the firm has introduced in the market has experienced a low amount of demand, which have also decreased the sales of Dash (boutique). Why is the issue? The issue is because Dash (boutique) is a company that has been marketing for almost 9 years and do not have any huge amount of brand value in the market. Hence, any sort of vital issues such as decrease of sales and unsatisfied consumer can make put the company into real trouble waters. Why is the issue now? The issue has aroused now, as the firm have not established massively in the market and hence, Dash (boutique) needs to develop quality strategies. Hence, the firm cannot afford to drop down its product value in the market as that can bring huge negative impact in the future growth of the organization. Imaginative entrepreneurially based suggestion Corporations can be so constrained by their hierarchy and mindset that they are unable to adapt to the rapidly changing commercial landscape. This is the same in the case of Dash (boutique) and hence, the management of the firm needs to implement certain strategies that will best fit the firm. However, it is time for Dash (boutique) to rediscover their entrepreneurial spirit, which can be done by various methods. The entrepreneur of the firm should analyze the market before investing and should consider all the possible risks before investing or expanding. Moreover, the entrepreneur of Dash (boutique) should also evaluate the remedies to these various risks before investing. Imaginative entrepreneurially based recommendations The entrepreneur of the firm should extract the exact demand of the market and then accordingly should produce goods and services. Moreover, the entrepreneur of Dash (boutique) should also realize that the market is getting competitive with each passing days and hence the strategies of the firm should be changed in order to compete with the rivals. Meanwhile, it can also be recommended that the entrepreneur of Dash (boutique) should analyze the market and its condition before expanding any further. This will make the firm understand the exact demand, taste and preferences of the consumer in that exact market place. The list of recommendation is stated below: Scrutiny of the market before expanding Taking up realistic projects Modification of the backdated strategies of Dash (boutique) Conceptual model The conceptual model that Dash (boutique) can follow in order to boost up the sales revenue of the firm has been highlighted below in the form of a diagram. Figure 1: Conceptual Model (Source: Drucker, 2011, p. 34) Sales strategy framework Sales force deployment Sales support Individual selling skills Recruitment and training Information Resources Strategy / Mission Motivation and compensation Coaching and super vision The sales strategy will play a massive role of significance regarding the profit making section of Dash (boutique). The framework of the sales strategy can make the firm ease up the process of profit making. The management of Dash (boutique) should follow the framework of the sales strategy that will lead the firm to establish a well - constructed and effective system of selling products. The framework is represented below in the form of a diagram that will let the reader understand the exact process with ease. Figure 2: Sales strategy framework (Source: Lasater, 2014, p. 51) Justification The above stated strategies and frameworks will provide the firm with huge potential regarding the generation of sales revenue as the framework has various sections that can extract the loophole of the firm. After, the loopholes are extracted the management of the firm also needs to build up on the loopholes, which can be done by following the guidelines of the framework. Hence, it can be said that the framework as well as the conceptual model will help the management of Dash (boutique) to get rid of all the various problems that have aroused in the recent time. Moreover, implementing the conceptual model will also enable the firm to enjoy increased amount of sales revenue, which will be a major boost in order to carry on with its expansion plans. Conclusion The study of the assignment highlights the fact that Dash (boutique), which is quiet renowned clothing and accessory chain needs to implement modified strategies into its business systems. Moreover, the firm needs to stay updated with the change in the taste and preferences of consumers. The sales have gone down in the recent time and hence, the management of the Dash (boutique) needs to delay their expansion plans for the moment and start working on the sales generation division. Support Paper Review of Dash (boutique) as a whole The firm as already discussed is a retail business, which deals in the clothing and accessories section and is regulated and owned by Kardashian sisters. The firm has got itself established official in the year 2006, which means that the firm have been operating in the business sector for 9 long years. The evaluation of the financial statements of the firm highlights that the company have faced quiet a crisis in the sales department in the last few years. This can be stated as the sales ratio of the firm has dropped from 77.68 % to 59.33% in the last two years. This huge downfall of 18.35 % in the sales ratio has made the firm suffer from various financial problems. Another gigantic problem that Dash (boutique) has faced regarding this downfall is in the expansion plans, which needs huge involvement of funds. Meanwhile, the sections in which the firm has expanded in the recent time have also been quiet successful (Carsrud and Brannback, 2011, p. 57). Dash (boutique) is growing massiv ely and hence, the management has planned to expand into more geographical areas in the near future. This will make the firm need massive amount of funds, which can be generated by increasing the sales of the firm (Perry et al. 2011, p. 838). Achievements of Dash (boutique) The achievements of the company can be well - judged by evaluating the various milestones that Dash (boutique) has achieved within the last few years. Moreover, the newest Dash boutique that they have opened in NYC is a huge success. As per the report, the store sold over $ 100,000 in inventory on Black Friday, and that too within a matter of hours. The boutique receives about four boxes of merchandise in a day, which Dash (boutique) usually sells within the same day. A survey stated that the sales team of the boutique rang up over $ 1,500 within an hour, which is an amazing percentage for the whole day sales revenue. The lowest price of shirts and t shirts in the store starts at $100, which certainly means that the firm do not need to sale huge amount of goods and accessories in order to meet up their target sales target of $ 100,000. Dash (boutique) within this few years have become a brand and have scheduled its name in the list of the most growing firms (Drucker, 2011, p. 33). Future prospective of Dash (boutique) The future prospective of Dash (boutique) is massive, as the firm has generated huge sales revenue in the last few years. The problem statement aroused as the firm was criticized for the section of their women clothing, which as usual was high priced product but the quality was not up to the mark (Hall, 2009, p. 97). This have also decreased the sales of the Dash (boutique) in the last three quarters, which in the recent time have turn out to be the biggest problem for the firm. Dash (boutique) is having a massive future growth if they can hold on to its sales target objectives, as they need huge funds in order to succeed in their expansion plans (Ingram et al. 2009, p. 303). Current problems of Dash (boutique) As, already discussed, one of the most hyped problem of the firm is regarding the lowering of the sales revenue in the recent time. Dash (boutique) has also not been able to market its new launched products in a successful manner as the demand for these new products has gone down within a small span of time (Lasater, 2014, p. 52). The expansion plans have also faced a negative impact due to the lowering of the sales revenue in the recent time. The firm has huge scope to expand and hence, any sort of disturbance in this field can affect the future growth of Dash (boutique). Overcoming procedure of the problems of Dash (boutique) The problems faced by the firm will grow with time if neglected; hence, the firm should implement strategies that best defines the overcoming of the problem. Dash (boutique) should implement the capacity lag strategy in order to stabilize its future expansion plans (Finkin, 2010, p. 53). The working of the strategy and the diagrammatic view of the same is presented below: Figure 1: Capacity lag strategy (Source: Chendroyaperumal, 2014, p. 107) Dash (boutique) needs to consider the above model as an ideal strategy and implement the same in order to modify the current lags of the firm (Kashani, 2011, p. 14). The implementation process needs to be done with intense care, as any sort of miscommunication within the process can affect the business process of Dash (boutique) in a negative manner. Process of boosting up sales The sales department of any firm is one of the major sources of finance, which is used further in the development and expansion process. Therefore, as already discussed, Dash (boutique) needs to boost up the sales process, which has faced enormous problems in the recent time. This can be done by implementing the sales strategy framework, which will help the management of the firm to stabilize the selling ratio in a systematic and well constructive manner (Gwinner and Smith, 2008, p. 88). Case Study of Dash Boutique 1.0. Introduction The study of the previous papers has highlighted the fact that the business of Dash (boutique) does not have any long history as the firm has been established in 2006, and is operating in the market only for 9 years (shopdashonline.com, 2015). The firm has built an enormous status within the market in this small span of time. The company chain has been spread in four locations in the United States and has been operating quiet successfully in the recent market (Storesogyre.atspace.co.uk, 2015). The major target of the firm is to increase its sales revenue and expand with the growing time. The business is retail in nature, which sells various types of garments and accessories in the market. The study will cover all the divisions of the company, which includes the history and mature of the business. Moreover, the chief targets that are served by the business have been analyzed within the study, along with the objectives of Dash (boutique) in the next five years. The store has also introduced a new section of jewelries that have attracted various customers in the recent time. Moreover, the firm recently has also planned to expand in the section of selling various designer items. The study will shed immense light on the divisions of various HRM divisions such as staff motivation, retention of staff, internal marketing practice tec. Furthermore, the study will also educate the reader regarding the uses of internal marketing in order to achieve an entrepreneurial oriented cultural within the firm. 2.0. Literature review The literature of the report is the section that will clear up all the views regarding the various division of the firm. This will include the study of the desired section that will make the reader understand the actual literature behind the use of elements like staff motivation, retention of staff, internal marketing practice, and the use of f internal marketing (Hisrich and Peters, 2012, p. 79). 2.1. Staff motivation The staff motivation is one of the most precious elements that every firm needs to stay aware off, in order to run the business process of the firm in a successful manner. The staffs of a firm can get de - motivated due to various reasons, which becomes a real problem for the company at times. This mostly happens, as the firm needs their staffs to work at their fullest and produce quality output within a small span of time. The staffs disguisedly help all the firms within the industry to achieve a competitive advantage over their rivals within the market (Mybusiness.co.uk, 2015). The market is getting densely competitive, as all the firms within the industry have built a tendency to sale quality goods in a relatively low price to attract huge number of consumers. Various firms have adopted this practice as consumers get gigantically attracted to quality goods with low price. Therefore, this brings us to the fact that in order to make the firm successful in this cut throat competitiv e market the staffs of the company needs to be highly skilled. The problem arises, as at times due to various problems the high skilled employees of the firm do not work at their best, which lowers the quality production of the firm. Hence, it is massively pivotal that the firm needs to keep these employees motivated by implementing various strategies. The motivating of the staff can be done by implementing the below stated steps: Line up individual financial benefit with company performance The firm needs to motivate the employees by implementing various financial benefits. This will make the staffs work with their best possible effort, as they will get massively motivated due to the extra payment that the company has announced (Williamson, 2012, p. 17). However, in the recent era organizations have termed this extra payment as the incentive structure. This structure is built in such a manner so that the employees need to stretch their working time in order to achieve the incentives. The majority of the organizations in the modern sector have applied this strategy, which motivates the employees and at the same time increases the production capability of the firm. Future path of an employees career The management of the company needs to scrutinize the productivity and the performance of all the employees and depending on that should make the employees promote in a higher designation. Moreover, the firm also can make the employees motivated by promising increased designation and salary as per the productivity of the employees (Wales et al. 2011, p. 383). The employees has a tendency to get highly motivated regarding all these promises made by the management of the company and hence, outs in extra efforts to achieve the same. Another most common and updated practice that various firms in the modern sector has adopted is coaching, mentoring and suggesting additional training to the employees to make them highly capable. Work life balance The small gestures at times makes huge difference to the staffs of the organization. These should be kept in mind by the mangers and the management of the company and accordingly should understand the various priorities of the employees. This certainly means that the managers should offer the possible flexibility regarding the understanding of their family needs, doctors appointment, commitments etc (Vermeulen, 2014, p. 07). This will increase the work life balance of the staffs and they will automatically get massively motivated in their commitment towards work. This is one of the most common ways to motivate the staffs of the firm, as the employees of any firm gets a high sigh of relief if the mangers provide them with flexibility in the work life. Listening The management of the firm needs to listen to their employees regarding the various problems they are facing in either their personal or professional life. The company cannot solve the personal life problems of the employees and hence, rather should provide them with flexibility. This flexibility will help the employees deal with their personal problems and at the same time will also enable them to resolve the issue. This sort of flexibilities makes the staffs highly committed and motivated towards the company (Perry et al. 2011, p. 837). On the other hand, the management of the firm should deal with the problems that the stafss are facing in their professional life. This can be done by discussing the exact problem with that particular staff and take necessary actions regarding the same. These types of flexibilities raise the morals of the staffs to a high level, which automatically increases the productivity and quality in their work. Maintaining and developing the internal environment of the firm The internal environment of the firm refers to the atmosphere within the firm. This includes various divisions such as the friendliness of the colleagues, behavior of the managers, flexibility provided by the management etc. The firm needs to keep all these elements in a well- maintained manner so that the employees get a positive vibe form all these factors (Rauch et al. 2009, p. 787). This increases the morale of the employees to a huge level, which ultimately results in the quality output by them and that too within a small span of time. Figure 1: Staff motivation (Source: Piercy and Rich, 2009, p. 237) 2.2. Improved performance Performance improvement is the measuring of the output of any particular business procedure or process. The modification of the process or increasing the efficiency of the business is also referred to improved performance at times. Improved performance starts with effective planning, but putting that pan into action is another pivotal element that needs to be worked out in a proper manner. This planning has various sections and the most pivotal among them is the mechanism and other benefits. The mechanism can help to improve the performance by setting goals and objectives, which are stated below: Peoplegets direction and focus on their thoughts and actions by setting up of goals and objectives The goals and objectives also enable people to stress on their working capability and take on high - level challenges in order to meet the objective criteria. Employees persistence is increased by the achievement of the hard goals and objectives. Apart from all the above stated factors there are also various other benefits that is derived from the goals and objectives. These include the most pivotal element of clarifying the expectations, which enables the employees to understand what the management of the firm exactly wants form them. The time when people receive feedback, it can be said that their goals has been reached and hence, they started to feel an extra liking for their job (Johnson and Lynch, 2012, p. 19). This also makes them satisfied with their performance, which ultimately increases their commitment towards work and provides them with huge confidence as well. 2.3. Retention of staff The retention of the staff is another pivotal section for any firm within the industry and hence, should be taken well care off by the management of the organization. The experienced staffs who are serving the company for many years should be treated in a special manner and should be provided with some flexibility (Keister, 2010, p. 69). Moreover, not only retaining the old employees but at the same time the firm should concentrate on retaining the new employees who have just joined the firm. This is identically important for the firm as the mew employees are the future of the firm and needs to be taken care of, in order to keep them motivated. The implementing of the people management strategy is one of the best procedures to regulate the whole process of the staff retention, which is stated below: Attract The process of people management starts with the division of attracting the people to work in the firm and make a better position for themselves. The attraction process starts with the remuneration that the firm pays, which should be attractive enough (Zif, 2011, p. 88). The handsome package of payment will attract the suitable people to join the company and give their best. Retain The next step is to retain the new joiners and the experienced employees of the firm. This can be done by developing a flexible work life balance within the firm, which will make the employees boosted up their working intentions. Moreover, in order to retain quality and high skilled work force the firm can announce various incentive schemes. This will encourage the employees to stretch on their working timing and capabilities that will ultimately increase the productivity of the employees and will make the employees happy (Rackham, 2009, p. 19). These will help the company retain the employees, which is a huge task to perform for the management and the HRM division of the firm. Develop The firm may have some employees who have a less productivity and are not highly skilled. Rather than firing, these employees the management of the firm needs to develop them by providing special training to these employees in order to modify their professional capabilities. Review / change The next step for the management is to review the works of the employees and rate them accordingly. The employees whose work gets high rating should be kept in notice by the management and should be rewarded in the near future (Ronen, 2013, p. 64). On the other hand, the employees whose works are not efficient and productive should not be penalized. Instead, the company should take required steps in increasing their capabilities by implementing various strategies that will retain the employees as well. Figure 2: People management strategy (Source: Lantz, 2010, p. 61) 2.4. Internal marketing practice The inward facing marketing is known to be the internal marketing. Internal marketing is the involving of the staffs at all levels in effective marketing, which can be done by enabling them to understand their exact role in the firm. The characteristics of a highly effective internal marketing have been highlighted below: Senior management participation The CEO of the firm should also participate in the process, which will show the company has a high value towards its workforce and ensures that the employees are provided with secure and stimulating work environment (Carter and Chitturi, 2008, p. 81). Integrated organizational structure The internal communication with the organization enables the firm to build up a teamwork, which gives the best possible results. Strategic marketing approach The firm needs to market the internal constituents in such a manner, which parallels how it reaches out to retain and acquire consumers. Human resource partnership In order to make the internal marketing flourishing, the human resource staff must constantly seek to integrate pioneering methodology to commune and train (Schmidt, 2010, p. 17). Focus on employee engagement The two - way communication, reward, and incentives are the most pivotal elements of employee engagement. Figure 3: Internal marketing practice (Source: Business.vic.gov.au, 2015) 3.0. Critical analysis 3.1. Critically evaluation of the internal marketing of Dash (boutique) Dash (boutique) had an effective internal marketing, which have enabled the firm to achieve a huge success within a small span of time. Moreover, the employees of the firm also worked at their best, which enabled Dash (boutique) to acquire a place of itself in the highly competitive market (Harvard Business Review, 2013). Meanwhile, the internal marketing of Dash (boutique) has shown various downfalls in the recent time, which have let down the sales ratio of the firm. The internal marketing of the firm has dropped down in the recent time, which has made the firm suffer in the external market. The division of the human resource has failed to perform, which have lessened the moral of various employees and have lowered their productivity (Schriefer and Sales, 2013, p. 33). This has ultimately hit the sales ratio of the firm in a negative manner. Furthermore, it can also be argued that the management of Dash (boutique) also has neglected the employee engagement division, which has make things worse. 3.2. Evaluating how Dash (boutique) uses internal marketing in achieving an entrepreneurial orientated culture within the firm and how this influences performance at the individual and corporate level The internal marketing of Dash (boutique) as already discussed was quiet successful as the firm took care of the various pivotal elements of internal marketing. The high management participated, which was a huge boost for the employees, the human resource worked in a great manner, the management was focused on the employee engagement etc (Strelsin and Mlot, 2012, p. 43). Moreover, the elements like integrated organizational structure and strategic marketing approach was used by Dash (boutique) to achieve an entrepreneurial oriented culture within the firm. This achievement of the firm influenced the performance of all the employees of the firm in a positive manner, which made them work in an energetic manner (Cash and Crissy, 2012, p. 88). The firm also succeeded in various ways in the corporate level due to the massive support from the workforce. 3.3. Putting forward of suggestion regarding developing the internal marketing function of Dash (boutique) Dash (boutique) has established itself within the market in a small span of time, which proves the high capability of the management (Lambing and Kuehl, 2009, p. 117). However, the recent drawback of the firm is due to the negligence within the internal departments of Dash (boutique), which should be immediately resolved. Therefore, the only suggestion for Dash (boutique) is to find out the exact loopholes, which have built this damage process (Parkyn, 2008, p. 227). After the loopholes, get highlighted the management of the firm needs to modify the loopholes by implementing the desired strategy. Conclusion The study brings us to the conclusion that motivation the employees is one of the most precious elements that every firm needs to stay aware off, in order to run the business process in a successful manner. Dash (boutique) was enormously successful in motivating the employees of the firm in the previous years, but due to certain reasons, the firm has failed to do the same in the recent time. This failure has cost Dash (boutique) a lot of sales revenue in the recent time and hence, the management should repair the process at its earliest. However, it is time for Dash (boutique) to rediscover their entrepreneurial spirit, which can be done by various methods. The entrepreneur of the firm should analyze the market before investing and should consider all the possible risks before investing or expanding. Moreover, the entrepreneur of Dash (boutique) should also evaluate the remedies to these various risks before investing. Reference List Books Burch, J. (2009). Entrepreneurship. New York: Wiley Bygrave, W. and Zacharakis, A. (2009). Entrepreneurship. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Carsrud, A. and Brannback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurship. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press Drucker, P. (2011). Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York: Harper Row Gwinner, R. and Smith, E. (2008). Sales strategy. [New York]: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. (2012). Entrepreneurship. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Johnson, R. and Lynch, R. (2012). The sales strategy of John H. Patterson. Chicago: The Dartnell Corp. Keister, L. (2010). Entrepreneurship. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI Lambing, P. and Kuehl, C. (2009). Entrepreneurship. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Lantz, E. (2010). A conceptual model. Sales strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill. Parkyn, G. (2008). Towards a conceptual model of life-long education. [Paris]: Unesco. Rackham, N. (2009). Major account sales strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ronen, J. (2013). Entrepreneurship. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books Zif, J. (2011). Sales strategy and management. New York: Macmillan Cash, H. and Crissy, W. (2012). Personality and sales strategy. Flushing, N.Y.: Personnel Development Associates Journals Carter, F. and Chitturi, R. (2008). Implications for Sales Forecasting and Marketing-Mix Strategy. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 29(1), pp.81-95 Chendroyaperumal, C. (2014). Developing Entrepreneurial Attitude: Some Suggestions. SSRN Journal Finkin, E. (2010). Expense Control in Sales and Marketing. Journal of Business Strategy, 9(3), pp.52-55 Hall, S. (2009). Turn to your customers to solve flat sales and customer churn. Business Strategy Series, 8(2), pp.94-101 Ingram, T., LaForge, R. and Schwepker, C. (2009). Salesperson Ethical Decision Making: the Impact of Sales Leadership and Sales Management Control Strategy. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 27(4), pp.301-315 Kashani, K. (2011). From Strategy to Sales. Management Decision, 25(4), pp.10-14 Lasater, M. (2014). Future fighter sales. Comparative Strategy, 5(1), pp.51-73 LINKING WEB SALES. (2010). Journal of Business Strategy, 21(1), pp.28-33 Moghareh Abed, G. and Haghighi, M. (2009). The effect of selling strategies on sales performance. Business Strategy Series, 10(5), pp.266-282 Perry, J., Chandler, G. and Markova, G. (2011). Entrepreneurial Effectuation: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), pp.837-861 Piercy, N. and Rich, N. (2009). The implications of lean operations for sales strategy: from sales-force to marketing-force. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 17(3-4), pp.237-255 Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. and Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of Past Research and Suggestions for the Future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), pp.761-787 Savage, A. and Sales, M. (2008). The anticipatory leader: futurist, strategist and integrator. Strategy Leadership, 36(6), pp.28-35 Schmidt, J. (2010). Implementation. Journal of Business Strategy, 15(5), pp.17-20 Schriefer, A. and Sales, M. (2013). Creating strategic advantage with dynamic scenarios. Strategy Leadership, 34(3), pp.31-42 Strelsin, S. and Mlot, S. (2012). The Art of Strategic Sales Alignment. Journal of Business Strategy, 13(6), pp.41-47 Vermeulen, F. (2014). Sales soaring. Business Strategy Review, 25(2), pp.7-7 Wales, W., Gupta, V. and Mousa, F. (2011). Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessment and suggestions for future research. International Small Business Journal, 31(4), pp.357-383 Williamson, P. (2012). Sales and Service Strategy. Business Strategy Review, 3(2), pp.17-43 Websites Business.vic.gov.au, (2015). Marketing strategies and tactics | Business Victoria. [online] Available at: https://www.business.vic.gov.au/marketing-sales-and-online/increasing-sales-through-marketing/marketing-mix-strategies-and-tactics [Accessed 12 Jun. 2015] Harvard Business Review, (2013). Entrepreneurship: A Working Definition. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2013/01/what-is-entrepreneurship [Accessed 12 Jun. 2015]. shopdashonline.com, (2015). DASH | ShopDASHOnline.com. [online] Available at: https://shopdashonline.com/ [Accessed 12 Jun. 2015] Storesogyre.atspace.co.uk, (2015). Girls clothing stores Dash clothing store website. [online] Available at: https://storesogyre.atspace.co.uk/dash-clothing-store-website.html [Accessed 12 Jun. 2015] Mybusiness.co.uk, (2015). Formulate a sales strategy | My Business. [online] Available at: https://mybusiness.co.uk/formulate-a-sales-strategy/ [Accessed 12 Jun. 2015]

Machiavellis Claim to Be Either Feared or Loved

Niccolo Machiavelli, a reputable Italian philosopher, posed a question in his book the Prince, â€Å"Is it better for the Prince to be feared or loved?† Through this question, Machiavelli attempts to offer pragmatic and practical advices on the means of acquiring and sustaining power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Claim to Be Either Feared or Loved specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, he discussed multiple merits and demerits of each trait of leadership methods that allow a prince to gain leadership control. Mostly, during his era, the prince’s main role in power was to acquire new states, tackle internal uprising, form alliances, and maintain a strong military base. Classically, Machiavelli observed and presented the ideal characters that would form the good qualities of a prince in order to prevent inappropriate governance. Although some personal virtues prescrip tion may have been depriving to the state, they were indispensable for its efficient operation (Clester 2011, p. 74). Nevertheless, the attainment of the good will of one’s followers is essential in the maintenance of power for a prince or leader. In describing a leader’s demonstration of his personal skills and knowledge for the attainment of the state’s good, Machiavelli focuses the importance of statesmanship. In this regard, he elaborates how the availability of good laws indicates the existence of a strong military. Evidently, he indicates that a state’s growth depends entirely on the successful wars that form the foundation of every state. Therefore, applying the fear or loved concept demonstrates how one will acquire new territories and handle domestic insurrections. In such cases, effective leadership entailed the use of power in the formulation of military strategies that ensured successful warfare. Some of the military strategies that were criti cal included international mediation, domestic politics, tactical strategy, geographical mastery, and historical analysis of a leader (Lee 2002, p. 144). Therefore, it was necessary for a leader to choose the appropriate design of leadership as either to be feared or loved. Considering that the actual expectations of one’s followers are to realize a leader’s strategies, a leader had to inculcate the appropriate methodologies in handling state strategies. It was significantly important for a leader to maintain goodwill and reduce hatred from his followers while in power. In this regard, it was better for him to be loved than be feared. This was mainly due to the belief that hatred caused mistrust and an eventual prince’s downfall.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Machiavelli advocated for the use of cruelty and dictatorship as long it never interfered with the long-run good will of a prince’s people. Additionally, such leadership designs guaranteed respect from the price’s subjects and the best defense against domestic uprisings and foreign aggressions. To reduce instances of hatred, a prince had to avoid taking extreme measures such as the confiscation of personal property or interference with traditional institutions as he executed his duties (Machiavelli 1979, p. 124). Through this approach to leadership, a prince will be confident that his haters cannot rise against him. In this regard, Machiavelli indicates how people’s goodwill is essential in sustaining a prince in power. Machiavelli defines the appropriate virtues that leaders should exhibit. The most essential virtues that ensured the sustenance of power included generosity, compassion, and devoutness. In this regard, a prince was supposed to portray exemplary virtues to his people and expect reciprocation from them. Despite the fact that the pursuit of v irtues could be depriving concerning the maintenance of principality, a prince needed to evaluate the appropriate virtues for each context. For instance, during the periods of domestic insurrection and foreign aggression, a leader could resort to cruelty or dishonest for the benefit of the state (Morris 1999, p. 102). These characters were attributed to the effective realization of harmony and respect both internally and externally. In this regard, the pursuance of a virtue should be based on the effects it has on the state other than its intrinsic moral values. Generally, the leaders who portrayed this skill retained power and maintained support from their subjects. Nevertheless, such leaders could easily win the interest of the subjects and manipulate them for their own personal gains. Considering the unstable human nature, Machiavelli demonstrated the importance of a leader to adopt the appropriate leadership design to help him deal with the varied human nature. In this regard, p eople acted in any situation for their own benefit. The fact that during prosperous moments, people are trustworthy and respectful, but on adversity, they turn selfish and deceitful exemplifies this observation. Repeatedly, people appreciate traits like generosity, courage, and piety in other individuals, but they rarely portray such virtues themselves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli’s Claim to Be Either Feared or Loved specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, Machiavelli advocates for leaders to be knowledgeable on the human nature and demonstrate the ideal virtue for any context (Machiavelli 2003, p. 72). Additionally, conflicts between the statesmanship and virtuousness could cause adversity to the state. This means that people will hate a prince if he fails the state rather than when he lacks virtues. Thus, it is wise for a prince to understand that duty should not conflict with s elf-sacrifice. For a feared leader, the probability maintaining power is higher compared the leader who adopts the aspect of love. In this regard, a leader would instill fear and loyalty from his people. For the fear of their leader’s wrath, people will attempt to work according to the laws outline by the state. Considering that the people’s satisfaction emanates from guaranteed basic needs and security, a leader would retain power for a considerable time. In the event of a domestic insurrection, a feared leader would threaten the concerned individuals. This would help to mitigate the potential harm of such individuals to the state. At the same time, when foreign aggressions emerge, a feared leader would compel his military men to face their adversaries with courage and purposefulness (Bireley 1990, p. 124). As a result, the people of the state would be assured of security and foreign enemies would refrain from any intents of war. On the other perspective, a leader who adores being loved rather than feared would gain support from his people. This implies that the leader would have to exhibit fundamental virtues that his followers appreciate. Some of these values include courage, generosity, piety, and being considerate. Machiavelli asserts that when a prince becomes extremely generous and loyal to his people, greed, and deceit emerges. From such a notion, jealously and competition develop among the people. The outcomes of this form of leadership will likely lead to dire ramifications for the ruling prince. In this regard, to suppress domestic insurrection, it would require considerable efforts in negotiating with people (Viroli 1998, p. 128). Naturally, although the people may have a liking for a virtuous leader during the times of prosperity, they will be defiant to such a leader in adversity. As a result, leaders should be considerate concerning the virtues they exhibit to avoid ruining their states because of the failure to adhere to their dut ies.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Critically analyzing the two types of leadership designs portray by Machiavelli, to be feared is considerably better than to be loved. This is because of the guaranteed safety and progress of a state during the tenure of a feared leader. The inducement of fear through cruelty and dictatorship will earn a leader unity and loyalty among his people. When other people fear a person, they are inclined not to cross boundaries his boundaries because of the anticipated repercussions. At the same time, foreigners who became jealous and hateful towards a state would restrain themselves from taking any action against such a state considering the high probability of a lethal response from the state’s leader. As a result, the effective maintenance of security and adherence to the needs of the state by the people is realized. Overtime, the Machiavelli’s philosophical thoughts concerning leadership have been considerably critical in the analysis of state politics. For most of the st ates, they apply the two forms of leadership designs on different scales. In countries such as the United States, the feared form of leadership is the most ideal when dealing with other countries. In this regard, the political influence concerning the resources and military prowess exhibited by the United States elicits fear from other countries. Notably, while focusing on the creation of good relationships with other countries, the feared leader design is employed to achieve the objective. In the domestic affairs of a country, leaders demonstrate good virtues to elicit the ethical nature of ideal leadership. These virtues create interest and mentorship among the citizens in embracing the leaders’ efforts in their contributions towards the country (Morris 1999, p. 245). Most countries have portrayed identical leadership characteristics to the United States. As a result, leaders have been able to obtain respect and loyalty from their subjects. In this regard, the laws and the leader play a significant role in achieving the earlier form of leadership suggested by Machiavelli, which elicits fear from the subjects. Following Machiavelli’s suggestion, most states consider a leadership design that portrays the loved prince leadership design as being vulnerable to all forms of man’s wicked nature. In this regard, there is the depiction of human beings as being self-centered from the Machiavelli’s claim that men are ungrateful, deceitful, and selfish. In this regard, the significance of being feared outweighs the urge to be loved since man’s affection can easily be won or lost through proper measures (Viroli 1998, p. 56). Evidently, Machiavelli’s suggestions have had considerable impacts in the maintenance of security and winning man’s loyalty in each state. As a result, most leaders have accepted some of his ideologies and identified them as effective on each particular scenario. For the case of prosperity, being loved by both the state’s people and foreigners is an ideal form of leadership to portray. At the same time, during adversity to a state, the adoption of the being feared form of leadership presents the best outcome. Nevertheless, Machiavelli’s thoughts have received numerous criticisms of their nature being tyrannical. This is because Machiavelli mainly illustrated the need for leaders to adopt cruelty in enforcing their duties. Such form of leadership is considered unethical and undesirable to achieve favorable leadership. References Bireley, R. (1990). The Counter-Reformation prince: anti-Machiavellianism or Catholicstatecraft in early modern Europe. University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill. Clester, S. (2011). Machiavelli: the prince. Writers of the Round Table: Mundelein, IL. Lee, R., Walsh, J. (2002). The Prince, NiccoloÌ€ Machiavelli. Spark Pub: New York. Machiavelli, N., Bondanella, P. E., Musa, M. (1979). The portable Machiavelli. Penguin Books: Hammond sworth, Eng. Machiavelli, N., Rebhorn, W. A. (2003). The prince and other writings. Barnes Noble Classics: New York. Morris, D. (1999). The new prince: Machiavelli updated for the twenty-first century. Renaissance Books: Los Angeles. Viroli, M. (1998). Machiavelli. Oxford University Press: Oxford. This essay on Machiavelli’s Claim to Be Either Feared or Loved was written and submitted by user Kiana R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Water Quality essays

Water Quality essays The U.S.A. government mandates that all suppliers of water must test their water supply for contaminants yearly. Water companies run tests constantly checking for contaminants in the reservoir (main water supply) their water comes from. There are many types of water contaminants. Looking for an indicator organism, an organism that is only present when certain contaminants are present, checks for most water contaminants. (Evans, 2001, p. 8) Water-borne diseases are one type of contaminant that needs to be checked for. Water-borne diseases are those diseases that require large amounts of water. Coliform is an example of a water-borne indicator organism that is what is being looked for in water contamination tests. (Tortora, 2001, p. 759) Water sources are checked for contamination because the transmission of water-borne diseases is high because many people share water from the same source. 1. Obtain a small sample of water from the water supply to be tested for contaminants. 2. Using aseptic technique, inoculate a lactose broth and incubate it at 37 degrees for 24 hours. 3. If the result is anything other than the combination of an acidic change in pH indicated by a yellow color and gas indicated by CO2 getting caught in the inverted Duram tube the test was negative, no further tests are needed. 4. If the result is a change in color of the lactose broth to yellow and the production of gas the test was positive, continue on to the Confirmed test 5. Streak an Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) plate for isolation using technique and incubate for 24 hours at 37 degrees. 6. A positive result is when the colonies are a metallic green color; continue onto the completed test. 7. A negative result is when the colonies are any other color and no further testing is needed because the contamination was not confirmed. ...

Management Styles and Insights Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Styles and Insights - Term Paper Example They are the drivers, the goal seekers who manage a broad spectrum of responsibilities. They are responsible in meeting a set of objectives and manage a group of people that work towards these goals. More than the glamour that is attached to the title, they are really the moving force behind every company. They make things happen. Having spoken with Ms. Elizabeth Meyer, Senior Product Manager for an international bank, we get a glimpse of how grueling this job can be. The targets can be daunting and extremely overwhelming. Managing her team alone is a challenge because she deals with five people from different backgrounds and with diverse personalities. She has to serve as the medium to enable to make the team fully functional, creating harmony and ensuring that individual differences are complimented and talents are maximized. There is also that challenge of managing the relationships with coordinating departments, who have as much quirks as her own. And of course, there is this muc h greater challenge of managing her superiors, the senior management team, ensuring that expectations are met at exceeding levels. It’s quite a tough, but rewarding job, she says. MANAGING PEOPLE Ms. Meyer says she is part democratic, part autocrat when asked what type of leader she is. It’s a challenge managing people who have different temperaments and moods, and different working styles. She has five highly experienced and greatly skilled product managers under her wing, one of which is much senior than her in terms of age. When she came in as their department head, Ms. Meyer was only 29 years old, and her age was one of the challenges she had to tweak to work to her advantage. During her previous stint in another international bank, she says she was 90% democratic, with the goal to empower each teammate to make their decisions. However, having a 35-year old team member who was not exactly thrilled to be under her management was what drove her to become more firm in her leadership style. Age seemed to have become an issue for this particular subordinate who felt like she was underrated. The attitude affected the boss-subordinate relationship such that there was too much resistance. Ms. Meyer felt that she could not afford to risk the ire of this team member as she is also deemed to be the top performer, albeit lacking in management skills to take over the Senior Management/ Department Head position. Today, she exercises her role as a manager whenever a crucial decision to be made, reminding her team that at the end of the day, she is still liable for each move the team makes. She feels that she was able to earn the trust of this subordinate by injecting the right amount of balance – she listens to this subordinate’s suggestions but also makes sure that she has a firm stance on certain issues, whenever needed. The road was not exactly smooth, so to speak, as she had her own personal challenges to address and a few unwise business decisions as well. But in the end, a good relationship founded the way to harmony in their workplace. Ms. Meyer enjoys being a leader, as she exactly knows how to motivate her team towards their goals. She is results oriented, and she makes sure that her people share her vision. They set short term and long term goals and conduct regular meetings to update each other on their own tasks. She also enjoins the participation of

Product Development and selling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product Development and selling - Essay Example To the individuals, computers can be used for communication, type setting, graphic design, entertainment and performing of a variety of tasks depending on each individual user. These are fundamental activities which can make one be comfortable both at home and in their officers. On the other hand, computers can be used by business organizations in the automation of their services. Thus, they become able to produce organized, neat, accurate, reliable and high quality work. The use of Information Technology (IT) can be a very good idea for any business as it can be the surest way of improving its productivity. However, in order to ensure that my commodity is sold, I will have to properly plan. By putting in place relevant strategies, I will definitely manage to sell my products to my clients and be in a position of making profit. After all, that is the major goal of my business. Besides, I will have to scan the prevailing conditions in the market so as to be privy with all the information about the level of competition in the market. I will need to know about the pricing policies of my competitors. This will be important in helping me to set a reasonable price which will not only be appealing to my clients, but be able to enable me to increase my profitability. Such prices should be decided based on the costs of production and the level of competition in the market. With this in mind, I will still have to ensure that I produce high quality commodities because it will be crucial in determining the success of the business. Many clients prefer commodities with high value regardless of their prices. When this is done, the business will be able to make some profit. It represents a profit margin of 52%. However, because the company needs to maximize its profits, it will have to venture into a sales presentation as it will help it to bridge the gap between it and the potential and existing clients (Roth 219). Besides, additional initiatives such as

The meaning of life Essay Example for Free

The meaning of life Essay Introduction: According to Saint Exupery in The Halo (2006), â€Å"Each man must look to himself to teach him the meaning of life. It is not something discovered: it is something moulded. † The meaning of life has a no specific definition; it depends on how each individual give meaning to their lives. It is a natural thing for an individual to curiously know about their life since their birth till death. Moreover, human beings are also curious to find out why they were put in this earth that is why babies keep touching everything in order to experience all their surroundings from the very beginning (Taylor, 2000). In this essay, the concept of meaning will be significantly analysed. Firstly, by defining the meaning which will secondly be followed by discussing the different types of needs an individual must meet to experience the meaning of life. Thirdly, the types of things that enhance and curb the experience of the meaning of life will be highlighted. Lastly, various practical steps will be described to enhance the experience of the meaning of life. This essay will be intertwined with personal reflections and aspirations that have enhanced the meaning of life for the writer. What is the meaning of ‘meaning’? Subjectivism: According to Eagleton (2007), everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is never universal or complex. The meaning of life is very simple and people experience it when they understand the universe, themselves, their identity and their goal in life (Bennet, 2005). Subjectivists state that the meaning differs with individuals’ psychological and mental states and their desires and goals. For example one individual can find meaning of life in music or art while other may find it in attaining goals or in religion (REF). In addition to this, (REF) states that life only becomes meaningful when all the needs and wants are fulfilled and when the individual is content and satisfied with themselves. Super naturalistic views: On the other hand, spiritual beings consider their lives to be consequential and significant when they can reach the pious pathway God has set (REF). The God-centred view points out that the definitive meaning of life is holistically attained. Moreover, an individual will only figure out the meaning of life when they are not attached to the worldly desires (REF). Personal reflection: Personally, the meaning of life for me is constantly being in search for my identity and accomplishing the goals I have set in life. I explore my identity through my art work as it helps me express my feelings and emotions about everything. My art work makes me realize who I am as a person and what people interpret me as a person through my paintings. What types of needs must be met for a person to experience meaning in life? Searching the meaning of life is a motivational force in an individual however; the degree of motivation to which they search the meaning of life differs in all individuals (REF). Despite individuals having different degrees of motivation, there are some needs and conditions that must be met for the individuals to experience the meaning of life. Individuals do not necessarily have to meet the same needs and conditions to experience the meaning of life. Some individuals are inspired by other individuals like great artists, inventors and thinkers, some individuals need sense of belonging, some need to experience certain events to make sense of life while others need to attain autonomy and self efficacy to experience the meaning of life. In short, individuals can discover the meaning of life through social work, experiencing something or someone or reactions towards unavoidable circumstances (REF). For example, an individual who is very emotional needs to experience the need of belonging in order to experience the meaning of life. They need to have many friends and a good relationship with their family in order to satisfy their need of belonging; this helps the individual to live a happy and full life. However, if they do not feel the sense of belonging, they have no hope hence do not have anything to look forward to and see no point of living. Conversely, not all individuals need to meet the need of belonging to experience the meaning of life. Some may have to experience the need of autonomy and self efficacy. These types of individuals usually have certain goals and tasks in life which they believe they can attain thus that would help them experience the meaning of life. For example, an individual whose goal is to become a doctor tries to attain that goal by being a hard worker and devoting all his time to attain their goal. They would experience the meaning of life when they achieve the title of the doctor as it would help them conquer a place in the community and gain some prestige. In addition to this, if an individual fails to attain this need might gain a very low self esteem which would then impact on the choices they makes in life. They would become very dependent on others and would not be able to cope with that leading them to suffer from various health issues. What types of things enhance the experience of meaning in life? The meaning of life can be enhanced by sustaining life, accepting a teaching, giving life or creating wisdom (REF). For example things that would enhance the meaning of life for mothers, doctors and nurses is when they deliver as links in a biological chain by giving life from one generation to the other. Young artists are inspired and enhance their meaning of life when they authorize and respect and accept their teacher’s work (REF). Personally, as an artist, the meaning of life for me is enhanced when I can appreciate the work of different artists and what they are trying to express in their paintings. Art work makes me understand the different feelings individuals go though and how they express it through drawings. It also makes me see different viewpoints of life and experiences people are going through. Despite all individuals having different needs to discover the meaning of life, there are certain things that all individuals require to enhance the meaning of life like: Hope Inspiration Goals High self esteem. What types of things curb the experience of meaning in life? Many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life due to: No inspiration or goals and failure: If an individual constantly fails and has no potential and inspiration of achieving his goals may feel ineffective and hopeless. They may start feeling that they have no purpose in life and life is completely meaningless for them. Loss of loved ones: loss of a loved one through death or divorce may affect an individual mentally and emotionally. They may feel the are not loved and do not belong anywhere as their loved one does not exist anymore. The loss brings suffering and misery which makes an individual believe that like if meaningless. Lastly, experiences like these pushes an individual to have a low self esteem and become reserved (REF). Personal Reflection: If individuals are not open, emotionless or afraid to be seen as themselves due to low self esteem cannot enhance their meaning of life and hence would curb this experience. As an artist, my goal is to become an art teacher and help other children to express their feelings through painting if they cannot through words. However, I have a clear goal and always have been inspired by my father to attain this goal. If I had a low self esteem and did not believe in myself, I would have no hope hence that would curb the search of meaning of life as I would feel I am worthless Practical steps to enhance the experience of a meaningful life As mentioned above, many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life due to low self esteem, no inspiration, no goals and being reserved. However, they can enhance their experience firstly by accepting and believing in themselves. This would help them make a contribution to life and share their best. According to (REF) self-destructive behaviour can be conquered by increasing self-efficacy and self-esteem. This can be done through counselling so that they can start believing in themselves. Individuals who need the sense of belonging to experience the meaning of life should try and fit in and socialize with people they are close to and have good relationships with them all. Furthermore, individuals who are trying to attain a specific goal should always reward themselves every time they are a step closer towards the goal. This would keep them motivated and not lose hope. Personally, I enhance my experience by acknowledging the great artists and how they are an inspiration to other young artists. Conclusion Finally as mentioned there is no specific meaning of life. All individuals need to meet different types of needs such as the need of belonging, experiencing life threatening incidents, need of autonomy and self efficacy to experience the meaning of life. An individual’s perception, values, needs and feelings centre him and help in organizing the world around him. Feelings help in expressing oneself. If an individual has a great skill in expressing himself, he can change the larger world. Great artists found expressions in their art work which helped them change the world that came after them. The creations around us are the different individuals trying to express themselves and their experiences of the meaning of life. All the inhibitors that we posses such as low self esteem and inner struggles should be resolved to make life more creative and enhance the meaning of life.

Benjamin Banneker :: History

Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker was an astronomer, scientist, mathematician, surveyor, clock-maker, author, and social critic. Most notable about his accomplishments was that despite racial constraints and little formal education, he was a self-taught man. By the end of his life, his achievements were well-known around the world. Unlike many blacks of his time, Banneker was not born into slavery. The maternal side of his family determined this fate. His grandmother Mary Walsh was a white Englishwoman who was sentenced to seven years of servitude for stealing milk. She was sent from England to America to serve as an indentured servant. After she finished her sentence, she bought some land and two African slaves. She married one of them, named Bannaky, and they had many children, one of whom was named Mary. Like her mother, when Mary married, she bought a slave and married him. Mary and Robert had several children, including Banneker. Banneker was born in 1731 just outside of Baltimore, Maryland. Banneker's education began in the early years of his childhood. Banneker and his siblings were taught to read by their grandmother Molly, who used the Bible as a lesson book. When Banneker was twelve, a Quaker named Peter Heinrich moved next to the Banneker farm and established a school for boys, which Banneker attended. He excelled in mathematics and even progressed beyond the ability of his teacher. At the age of twenty-one, his abilities were finally utilized. He met a man named Josef Levi who showed him a pocket watch. Banneker was so fascinated that Levi gave him the watch. He studied how it worked, drew a picture of it, and made mathematical calculations for the parts. He worked on building the clock for two years. In 1753, it was completed. It was made of wood and he had carved the gears by hand. This was the first clock built in the United States. For more than forty years, the clock struck every hour. In addition to creating America's first clock, Banneker had an interest in astronomy. When Banneker's friend Andrew Ellicott died, he left him books on astronomy, scientific instruments, and a telescope. Banneker began to study astronomy and made mathematical calculations of the stars and constellations. He used these calculations to correctly predict a solar eclipse that took place on April 14, 1789. His abilities in astronomy and mathematics led him to create an almanac in 1792.