Understanding Communicative Competence

The term communicative competence refers to both the tacit knowledge of a language and the ability to use it effectively. Its also called  communication competence, and its the key to social acceptance. The concept of communicative competence (a term coined by linguist Dell Hymes in 1972) grew out of resistance to the concept of linguistic competence introduced by Noam Chomsky. Most scholars now consider linguistic competence to be a part of communicative competence. Examples and Observations Why have so many scholars, from so many fields, studied communicative competence within so many relational, institutional, and cultural contexts? Our hunch is that scholars, as well as the contemporary Western societies in which most live and work, widely accept the following tacit beliefs: (a) within any situation, not all things that can be said and done are equally competent; (b) success in personal and professional relationships depends, in no small part, on communicative competence; and (c) most people display incompetence in at least a few situations, and a smaller number are judged incompetent across many situations.(Wilson and Sabee) By far the most important development in TESOL has been the emphasis on a communicative approach in language teaching (Coste, 1976; Roulet, 1972; Widdowson, 1978). The one thing that everyone is certain about is the necessity to use language for communicative purposes in the classroom. Consequently, the concern for teaching linguistic competence has widened to include communicative competence, the socially appropriate use of language, and the methods reflect this shift from form to function.(Paulston) Hymes on Competence We have then to account for the fact that a normal child acquires knowledge of sentences not only as grammatical, but also as appropriate. He or she acquires competence as to when to speak, when not, and as to what to talk about with whom, when, where, in what manner. In short, a child becomes able to accomplish a repertoire of  speech acts, to take part in speech events, and to evaluate their accomplishment by others. This competence, moreover, is integral with attitudes, values, and motivations concerning language, its features and uses, and integral with competence for, and attitudes toward, the interrelation of language with the other code of communicative conduct.(Hymes) Canale and Swains Model of Communicative Competence In Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing (Applied Linguistics, 1980), Michael Canale and Merrill Swain identified these four components of communicative competence: (i) Grammatical competence includes knowledge of phonology, orthography, vocabulary, word formation and sentence formation.(ii) Sociolinguistic competence includes knowledge of sociocultural rules of use. It is concerned with the learners ability to handle for example settings, topics and communicative functions in different sociolinguistic contexts. In addition, it deals with the use of appropriate grammatical forms for different communicative functions in different sociolinguistic contexts.(iii) Discourse competence is related to the learners mastery of understanding and producing texts in the modes of listening, speaking, reading and writing. It deals with cohesion and coherence in different types of texts.(iv) Strategic competence refers to compensatory strategies in case of grammatical or sociolinguistic or discourse difficulties, such as the use of reference sources, grammatical and lexical paraphrase, requests for repetition, clarification, slower speech, or problems in addres sing strangers when unsure of their social status or in finding the right cohesion devices. It is also concerned with such performance factors as coping with the nuisance of background noise or using gap fillers.(Peterwagner) Resources and Further Reading Canale, Michael, and Merrill Swain. â€Å"Theoretical Bases Of Communicative Approaches To Second Language Teaching And Testing.† Applied Linguistics, I, no. 1, 1 Mar. 1980, pp. 1-47, doi:10.1093/applin/i.1.1.Chomsky, Noam. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT, 1965.Hymes, Dell H. â€Å"Models of the Interaction of Language and Social Life.† Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication, edited by John J. Gumperz and Dell Hymes, Wiley-Blackwell, 1991, pp. 35-71.Hymes, Dell H. â€Å"On Communicative Competence.† Sociolinguistics: Selected Readings, edited by John Bernard Pride and Janet Holmes, Penguin, 1985, pp. 269-293.Paulston, Christina Bratt. Linguistics and Communicative Competence: Topics in ESL. Multilingual Matters, 1992.Peterwagner, Reinhold. What Is the Matter with Communicative Competence?: An Analysis to Encourage Teachers of English to Assess the Very Basis of Their Teaching. LIT Verlang, 2005.Rickheit, Gert, and Hans Strohner, edi tors. Handbook of Communication Competence: Handbooks of Applied Linguistics. De Gruyter, 2010.Wilson, Steven R., and Christina M. Sabee. â€Å"Explicating Communicative Competence as a Theoretical Term.† Handbook of Communication and Social Interaction Skills, edited by John O. Greene and Brant Raney Burleson, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003, pp. 3-50.

The Capitalists Who Shaped Post-Civil War America - 956 Words

Accurately established by many historians, the capitalists who shaped post-Civil War industrial America were regarded as corrupt â€Å"robber barons†. In a society in which there was a severe imbalance in the dynamics of the economy, these selfish individuals viewed this as an opportunity to advance in their financial status. Thus, they acquired fortunes for themselves while purposely overseeing the struggles of the people around them. Presented in Document A, â€Å"as liveried carriage appear; so do barefooted children†, proved to be a true description of life during the 19th century. In hopes of rebuilding America, the capitalists’ hunger for wealth only widened the gap between the rich and poor. During the 1800’s, business leaders who built†¦show more content†¦As the capitalists continued their corruption, â€Å"the wealthy class became wealthier; but the poorer class became more dependant. The gulf between the employed and the employer was g rowing wider† (Document A). Similarly, many actions performed by these capitalists, contributed to the sorrowful lives of many farmers, who were struggling to survive. Pursuing this further, the rich soil of the West was becoming poor, and floods contributed to the problem, and, eventually caused erosion. Beginning in the summer of 1887, a series of droughts forced many people to abandon their farms and towns. As circumstances worsened, farmers were beginning to be controlled by corporations and processors. The farmers were at the mercy of many trusts, which, in turn, could control the productivity and raise prices to high levels. Furthermore, during the late 19th century, many farmers considered monopolies, trusts, railroads, and money shortages as evident threats to their lifestyle. The rise of these monopolies and trusts worried many farmers because they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would harm consumers. Oftentimes, these â€Å"robber barons† would prevent competitors from reaching the markets by restricting their ability to transport their goods. In Document E, James B. Weaver wrote of the main weapons of the trust-organized commerce: threats, intimidation, bribery, fraud,Show MoreRelatedThe Role of Capitalists Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesNick  Reynolds   12/4/14   U.S  History   G  Block   The  Role  of  Capitalists  DBQ   Many  capitalists  worked  to  shape  post  Civil  War  America  through  building  new   businesses  to  employ  many  people  and  create  new  jobs  as  well  as  change  America  through   creating  new  inventions  such  as  a  faster  and  cheaper  way  of  producing  steel  and  discovering   the  uses  and  increasing  demand  for  oil.  All  of  these  inventions  would  change  America,  with   the  faster  and  more  efficient  method  of  steel  production  massive  skyscrapers  rose  in  the  Read MoreThe Cold War Developed Between The Soviet Union And The United States847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War developed between the Soviet Union and the United States in response to post-World War II tensions between the two nations. 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Survey of Privacy and Security Issues †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Survey of Privacy and Security Issues. Answer: Introduction The security aspect of any website plays a vital role in every sphere. The data involved in the website as in the database should be kept secured and kept active all the time. Americas job link is a web based portal that is mainly used by people to connect with organization in order to get a job. The company revealed that their system was hacked which actually lead to fault in the code of application (Fennelly, 2016). This report puts lime light on the whole scenario and deals with the aspect that how and why the situation occurred and what could have been the possible solution. The website was formed in order to achieve jobs and help people to get job. The company reported that the hacker was able to hack the website would immediately lead to fault in the application code of the website. The criminal was able to get all the personal information of nearly 4.8 million job seekers which included mainly their full name, birth date and security number related to social. The activity took place in the year 2017. The person who had given all the related information before the attack was eventually lost and they had to again give the information in order get the proper intended result. The activity was uncovered in the ten states that mainly used the Americas job link system. Some of states that were in the list are Arkansas, Delaware, Idaho, Kansas, Oklahoma and Vermont (Fonseca Rosen, 2017). Possible solution to the problem It can be noted that almost all the times it has been seen that majority of the website security breaches are mainly not done in order to get the data and use them for the personal benefit of the hacker, but the main motive behind the attack is that they intent to use the server in order to send emails relay for spam or in order to set up a web server which would be temporary in order to serve files which are of illegal nature (Cutinha et al., 2017) There can be many ways in order to protect the website or in this case possible solution of the event. Keeping all the software up to data and installing all the security patches available in order to keep all the data secured. Validation should always be done both from the servers end as well as from the browsers end. The aspect of password plays a vital role in securing any account. The user should always keep a complex password which cannot be easily detected by any other person. The password should always be stored as encrypted values ; this can be done by implementing a one way hashing function for example SHA. Using this method means with the prospective of the user authenticating users, the user only ever comparing the encrypted values (Dadkhah, Borchardt Lagzian, 2017). Uploading a file in a website, in this case uploading the bio data should be believed to be the most important aspect which can be directly related to website security breach, even if it is merely done to change an individuals avatar. Opening a file or reading a pdf or using any sort of function which can be done in order to check the image size are not at all proof (Patel Pathrabe, 2017). There are many tools which are available that can be used in order to safe guard a website. The tools are as follows Netsparker: This is good for testing SQL injection and XSS. OpenVAS: It is claimed to be the most advanced source which is considered as open software. The main advantage that can be received by this is that it is good for testing known as vulnerability, currently which scans over 25000. On the other hand its set up is difficult as it requires a OpenVAS server which only run on linux system (Ramayah et al., 2016) SecurityHeader.io: A tool which can be used to report quickly which security headers such as CSP and HSTS a domain has correctly configured and enabled. Conclusion The security aspect of any website can be considered as one of the most important aspects. There is usually a huge amount of data which is stored in a database; in case a breach is performed by a hacker on the system it could lead to a big problem even the website could be on harm. The security aspect can be employed in the field which can be directly implemented and taken advantage of. The hacker intends to breach in order to gain benefit for their personal issue but with the implementation of the security features it can be avoided. References Cutinha, S., Rodrigues, S., Sanjay, P., Supreetha, R. (2017). Connectify-A Social Networking Website. Advances in Computing, 7(2), 35-39. Dadkhah, M., Borchardt, G., Lagzian, M. (2017). Do You Ignore Information Security in Your Journal Website?. Science and engineering ethics, 23(4), 1227-1231. Fennelly, L. (2016). Effective physical security. Butterworth-Heinemann. Fonseca, B., Rosen, J. D. (2017). Introduction. In The New US Security Agenda (pp. 1-15). Springer International Publishing. Patel, P. P. R. P. V., Pathrabe, T. (2017). Survey of Privacy and Security Issues in Spice World E-Commerce Website. Ramayah, T., Ling, N. S., Taghizadeh, S. K., Rahman, S. A. (2016). Factors influencing SMEs wQebsite continuance intention in Malaysia. Telematics and Informatics, 33(1), 150-164.

Hospitality Management for Restaurant Services - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHospitality Management for Restaurant Services. Answer: Critical Evaluation: The survey result showed that the reception and the restaurant services were the best services that were provided by the hotel. 54% and 40% of the respondents said that the reception service was very good and good respectively. For the restaurant, it has been found that 67% people said it was very good and 33% said good; while none of them said that is was not good. This clearly shows that reception and the restaurant are the best part of the hotel. In terms of the room service and housekeeping, mixed reactions have been observed. 18% of the respondents said that the service is good while 31% said it was not good. Therefore, it can be said that room servicing is not up to the mark. The entertainment arrangement is also good and it has been found that 84% of the respondents said that it was very good (Refer to the appendix). None of the respondents said that it was not good. Some of the non respondents could have been asked to respond by providing them certain incentives that would ha ve been lucrative for him and they would have answered the query. With this evaluation, it can be said that the hotel has good facilities in terms of the reception, tours, seaside and entertainment which clearly states that if one visits this place for recreational purpose, it would be the best selection. However, in terms of room servicing and housekeeping, the management needs to make consideration on improving the service of this sector. Suitable Customer Service Strategy: As it has been evident that the two departments, the room servicing and housekeeping and the tours department need to be improved; for the same reason, the hotel needs to undertake certain management strategies. As stated by Torres and Kline (2013), room servicing add value to the hotel and it increases the loyalty of the customers and thus, a hotel should always focus on the room servicing. The strategies that the hotel would undertake are: Making service No. 1 priority: There should be enough staffs available for the service of the guests. It shall be the duty of the staffs to make the guests feel special. Training the staffs: It is very important to train the staffs and teach them the right way to treat customers. It has to be understood that it is only when the customers would find it comfortable enough; they would use the service of the hotel again (Kim and Qu 2014). Improving the tour: Assigning a manager for this department would be the best possible approach towards improving the tour department of the hotel. The manager shall be in the responsibility of taking care of the overall activities. The managers would be involved in the process. The manager shall be responsible for communicating the entire strategy with the staffs of the hotel. References: Kim, M. and Qu, H., 2014. Travelers' behavioral intention toward hotel self-service kiosks usage.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(2), pp.225-245. Torres, E. and Kline, S., 2013. From customer satisfaction to customer delight: Creating a new standard of service for the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(5), pp.642-659.

Adventures Of Huck Finn Significance Essays - Literature, Fiction

Adventures Of Huck Finn Significance In the society that Huckleberry Finn lived in everybody was to believe that whites were superior to blacks. So as Huck and Jim go further down the Mississippi River, Huck is trying to determine what is wrong and what is right. Incidents where he was questioning what was right and wrong were, when they got split up on the raft, helping Jim escape and the letter to Miss Watson. Huck is playing a joke on Jim pretending that the raft never got away from the canoe and they got separated in the fog. Huck convincing Jim that he was just dreaming. So Jim starts telling Huck about this "dream". When he's finished, Huck shows him that it really did happen, and that he's just been the butt of a joke. Jim reacts very emotionally. He says he was ready to die when he thought he'd lost Huck, and that anyone who would play such a prank on a friend is trash. Such talk like this from a black person to a white person could have that black hung. Instead of hanging him, Huck apologizes to Jim. The significance is that most white folks don't apologize to black folks. It didn't matter what the white folks did to the blacks but some how the blacks deserved it. Huck didn't have to apologize to Jim but something deep inside told him to. As they are getting closer to Cairo, Huck is realizing what he has got himself into by helping a slave escape. When Jim is talking about getting an Abolitionist to help him steal his children- children that belong to someone Huck doesn't even know- Huck freezes with fear. Now his conscience tells him to do the right thing according to society, turn Jim in. Huck leaves the boat giving Jim an excuse about seeing how far Cairo is but is really going toturn him into authorities. As Huck is leaving Jim calls out and saying something along the lines as Huck being the only white gentleman who ever kept his promise to old Jim. This comment really got to Huck and actually unnerved him a little. On the way to the shore Huck is stopped by two men looking for runaway slaves. He decides to tell these to men that he is traveling with a white man. The significance of this is that Huck is willing to lie to save Jim. This is very unusual considering that it is a white lying for a black. And that a teenage boy who is still growing up and learning what is right and wrong is lying. Jim has been identified as a runaway slave and was sold. Because of this, Huck sits down and thinks where he is, how he got there, and what he should do next. He believes that once again he has fallen short of society's standards. So to make up for this bad behavior he decides to write Miss Watson a letter telling her where Jim is, believing that Jim would be happier with his family and other people he knows. But then decides to tear up the letter because he believes that Miss Watson, and everyone else who knows Jim, would never again treat him well, now that he's tried to run away. The significance is that Huck is willing to go to hell for Jim. Through out this whole story Huck is faced with doing "right or wrong". Huck has convinced himself that he has done a serious wrong because he helped Jim escape and did not turn Jim into authorities or return him to Miss Watson. He blamed himself for these wrongs in society standards. He thought that since it was wrong in society that meat that it was wrong morally.

A Comparison Contrast Of A Brave New World And 1984 Essays - Fiction

A Comparison Contrast Of A Brave New World And 1984 Essays - Fiction A Comparison Contrast of A Brave New World and 1984 Although many similarities exist between Aldous Huxley's A Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984, the works books though they deal with similar topics, are more dissimilar than alike. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of Bernard Marx, who rejects the tenants of his society when he discovers that he is not truly happy. 1984 is the story of Winston who finds forbidden love within the hypocrisy of his society. In both cases, the main character is in quiet rebellion against his government which is eventually found to be in vain. Huxley wrote A Brave New World in the third person so that the reader could be allotted a more comprehensive view of the activities he presents. His characters are shallow and cartoon-like (Astrachan) in order to better reflect the society in which they are entrapped. In this society traditional notions of love and what ideally should come out of it have long been disregarded and are now despised, "Mother, monogamy, romance. High spurts the fountain; fierce and foamy the wild jet. The urge has but a single outlet." (Huxley 41) The comparison to a wild jet is intended to demonstrate the inherent dangers in these activities. Many of the Brave New World's social norms are intended to 'save' its citizens from anything unpleasant through depriving them of the opportunity to miss anything overly pleasant. The society values, ACOMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY," (Huxley 1) supersede all else in a collective effort. Soma, the magical ultimate drug is what keeps the population from revolting. "What you need is a gramme of soma... All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects." The drug is at the forefront of their daily lives providing freedom from life's every ill. "The word comes from the Sanskrit language of ancient India. It means both an intoxicating drink used in the old Vedic religious rituals there and the plant from whose juice the drink was made- a plant whose true identity we don't know." (Astrachan) The drug is used as a form of recreation, like sex, and its use is encouraged at any opportunity, especially when great emotions begin to arise. They are conditioned to accept this to calm and pacify them should they begin to feel anything too intensely. The conditioning also provides them with their place and prevents them from participating in social activities which they needn't take part in. (Smith) Class consciousness which Americans are so reluctant to acknowledge is taught through hypnop?dia (the repetition of phrases during sleep akin to post hypnotic suggestion) for all social classes: These names are letters in the Greek alphabet, familiar to Huxley's original English readers because in English schools they are used as grades- like our As, Bs, etc.- with Alpha plus the best and Epsilon minus the worst. In Brave New World, each names a class or caste. Alphas and Betas remain individuals; only Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons are bokanovskified. (Astrachan) The conditioning is begun at an extremely young age and is by modern real-world standards cruel, AThe screaming of the babies suddenly changed its tone. There was something desperate, almost insane, about the sharp spasmodic yelps to which they now gave utterance." (Huxley 20) The children's "Pavlovian" conditioning with electric shocks is later compared to the wax seals which used to grace the seams of letters (Astrachan), "Not so much like drops of water, though water, it is true, can wear holes in the hardest granite; rather, drops of liquid sealing-wax, drops that adhere, incrust, incorporate themselves with what they fall on, till finally the rock is all one scarlet blob." The entire society is conditioned to shrink away from intense emotion, engage in casual sex, and take their pacifying Soma. In 1984, a first-person book partly narrated by the main character's internal dialogue, the great party leader is "Big Brother," a fictional character who is somewhat more imposing than "Ford," of Huxley's book, named after the industrialist Henry Ford (Astrachan). The main character Winston fears Big Brother and is much more aware of his situation than any of the characters in A Brave New World who are constantly pacified by soma. In A Brave New World

What is wrong with the idea that human visual perception is achieved Essay

What is wrong with the idea that human visual perception is achieved by a single area of the brain that simply reflects the cisual information coming from the e - Essay Example the optic nerves which consist of about a million nerve fibers and contain axons arising from the inner, ganglion-cell layer of the retina (Guyton & Hall, 1996; Waxman, 2000). The arrangement at the optic chiasm allows the left hemisphere to receive visual information about the contralateral half of the visual world and vice-versa (Guyton & Hall, 1996; Waxman, 2000). Moreover, the fibers of each optic tract synapse in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and from here, the geniculocalcarine fibers pass by way of the optic radiation to the primary visual cortex in the calcarine area of the occipital lobe (Guyton & Hall, 1996). The most important cortical region for visual processing is Area V1 in the occipital lobe because it is the first stop in the cortex and almost all of the signals that the other cortical regions get must pass through it which is why Area V1 is often referred to as the primary visual cortex or striate cortex (Coren, Ward, & Enns, 1999). Hubel and Wiesel found cells in the cortex with receptive fields that have excitatory and inhibitory areas and are arranged side-by-side rather than in a center-surround configuration (Goldstein, 2007). Simple cortical cells are cells which have these side-by-side receptive fields mentioned previously and these cells respond best to bars of a particular orientation (Goldstein, 2007). Other kinds of cells in Area V1 are even tuned to more complicated pattern properties of the stimulus such as complex cortical cells which respond best to movement of a correctly oriented bar across the receptive field, and at an even more complicated level of analysis than the complex cells are hypercomplex or end-stopped cortical cells that respond not only to the orientation and direction of movement of the stimulus but also to the length, width, or other features of shapes, such as the presence of corners (Coren, Ward, & Enns, 1999; Goldstein, 2007). Simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells are refer red to as feature

Harlequin Enterprises case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Harlequin Enterprises case - Essay Example This is because; the firm has faithful fans all around the world. From the statistics and history of the sales, it is evident that due to the tactics that the management used to market their writers, many fans would still buy any book that the company publishes. The strong loyalty that the company enjoys from its audience is enough to put the company back to the top as the leading romance publisher in the world. A successful launch of new titles would need tactics that the enterprise exploited in the past. Since the beginning of the enterprise, it exploited ideas that dealt with the situation at hand. The marketing methods reflected the customer needs, making the firm stay ahead of other publishing competitors. Another key method is changing the titles to match the interest of the audience at the time of publishing. The management moved from producing series to single titles when the need, was necessary (Ivey). This enabled them remain relevant to the audience no matter what direction the customer interest changed to. For good management to succeed, the managers need to be flexible and change according to the requirements of the

Uneasiness Due to Less Commanding Novice Physical education teacher Thesis

Uneasiness Due to Less Commanding Novice Physical education teacher - Thesis Example This essay discusses that the experience of the teacher helps the teachers making plans for their lessons keeping in view the characteristics of the class and the attitude of the students. The experienced teacher is able to develop the task for classroom on the basis of their observation of the needs and behaviours of the children but the novice teacher has no or little idea about the attitude and behaviours of the students in the physical education class and their study plans and lessons are mainly based upon the written sources rather than real time observations.After implementing the lesson plans in the first class they have to monitor if there is need of modifying the plans according to the needs of the students. In this situation, the students are not getting refined educational instructions as the teacher has to spend more time on experimenting and testing his lesson plans rather immediately practicing them. The novice teacher often changes their lesson plans and activities on the basis of the class response that causes uneasiness to the students and makes it difficult for the students to easily adjust in the classroom.The decision-making strategies of the novice teacher are also different from the experienced teacher. Unlike the experienced teachers, the novice teacher doesn't have many strategies for managing the students in the class by facilitating their individual performances so the novice teacher mainly focuses upon the interest level of the entire class and make a decision on the basis of the overall interest.

Effects Of Global Recession On Marriott Hotels

Effects Of Global Recession On Marriott Hotels The hospitality industry is in the waist of venturesome ,verdicts .there are two challenges , which are effecting hospitality industry, the first challenge is globalization and second one is economical recession. Hospitality industry is hit by the global financial crisis, mostly tourism is involved with money, during economic recession, people dont like to spend much money for entertainment, they are started to think for saving money for basic needs like food shelter and family necessities. Any way because of recession hotel industry is in risky position, according to economical data the hospitality industry need, find away to bring normal position. Organization Background: Marriott is most popular and leading hotels in the world, first Marriott was opened by J Willard and Alice S Marriott, in Washington D.C (U.S), in 1927.also Marriott has more than 2800 properties, almost in 70 countries. Marriott planning to open more hotels and resorts different places in different countries. they plan to target the business strategies; Marriott developed the courtyard by Marriott concept approach to new product development. Marriott gives customer card (for regular customers) it gives 30%discount on the bill. The major in come for the hotels is from rooms Marriott is very good at there. 1. Events: Weddings and meetings: Marriott gives different types of packages for the weddings, Marriott is one of the best places to celebrate the weddings, and Marriott provides special accommodation for the couple, Marriott gives more facilities for sports, its provided the golf court in Resorts, They provide number of banquet facilities with, qualities service. They main theme is give good service to the customers and build-up the business strategy. 2. Inquiries: Marriott hotel handles the business inquiries from all over the world, Marriotts human resources is exhausting survey of local market requested by U.K hotels in U.K. local knowledge of local staff is most comprehended for the local inquiry. Rationale for the chosen topic: In this research on proposed topic due to my previous working experience in hotel Marriott, Hyderabad, India, there my position was a supervisor, during that time, my hotel was affecting by the economy crunch, not only that hotel but almost all hotels were facing same problem, the business has been getting down. The human resources were having more problems, instead of taking new staff, they were using same staff for extra work, they cutting the jobs, and decreasing the salaries. And there were more competitions between other hotels, Therefore this topic persuade to research on the specified objective below. Research objectives: The research objective is to critically investigate the affects of global recession on the tourism and hotel industry, in this process how hotel industry seek away from recession. The research objectives are listed below: 1 .The first objective is to recognize the several challenges, lying in hotel industry. 2. The second objective is resolving the different, solutions to economic recession and constructs the intensity. 3. The third objective is to produce several strategies, which is allocated in the economic recession challenges, with another shove. Research questions: This proposed research aims to answer the following questions: How can the credit crunch and recession change the hotel industry as a whole? Answering the above question will lead to the subsequent questions like: How would the Hotel Marriot take it up as a challenge? And what steps would it follow to overcome the recession? Why and how are they planning to reduce the accommodation tariffs? What are the reasons for the credit crunch and recession? And finally what procedures would they put in place in order to overcome the present recession? Literature Re-view: In this recession period competition started between the hotels, the competition is depend on, quality of restaurants and type of acommbidation and tariff ,hotel Starwood, Hilton, Inter Continental, the Accor groups are the main competitors for Marriott hotel. In recent years the global tourism and hospitality industry has experienced many serious crises and disaster, including terrorist attacks political instability, economical recession. Ref: (Boniface and Cooper, geography of travel and tourism 476). This proposal agree the above article ,according to author ,the hotel and tourism industries has been reaching problems with political and economical recession. The economy is depending up on the state, when the economy is decreased the recession will happened. People taken the more loans and houses on mortgage, they couldnt know whether they can return or not, during the economy slumps they were unable to return the money to banks, at the same time the banks are started to get loses, hence the recession started. After 9/11 attack the hotel industry has suddenly changed, they have lost major part of income. Hotel industry is depended with luxury and expensive, during recession people have started to change their thinkings, as enjoyment is just part of life, instead of spending money for enjoyment they started saving money to important necessities. And people have no money, most of the employees are losing their jobs, they just scaring about their future. During the recession the hotels has been facing more problems, because they cant afford the own money to run their business, and banks are not lending the money to any, business organizations. Unfortunately, the growth in the U.K sector has not been matched by the provision or detailed analysis of information sources. Typically supply side statistics are usually limited to room stock, where as demand side statistics are usually confined to occupancy percentage. Ref: (Paul, A. Phillips hospitality management 147-154). According to author the hotel business is depended with occupancy percentage, when the room Occupancy rooms high automatically the profit would be high. According to research above statement shows, credit crunch and economical recession. Credit crunch: where the low money to lending for business and interest rates are very high is called credit crunch. During the 2007 their for successful business, most of the business consumers facing more problems by credit crunch. Banks are scared to give loans for business, at the same time, customers also not depositing their money in banks, because the customers also fearing about credit crunch and they are keeping money with them. And high rates of interests also struggling business companies, no chance to start big business organization hotels. So credit crunch is affecting the major hotels. Although hotel insolvencies have increased by over 150% from the end of 2006 to October 2008 there will be further failure in 2009 when the full impacts of reduced demand will be felt. Ref: (Stephen Broom, Financial Times, nov23, 2008). According to author, Hotels are loosing their profit by offering low rates of acommbidation; Marriott has been getting down the over all profit. People taken the more loans and houses on mortgage, they couldnt know whether they can return or not, during the economy slumps they were unable to return the money to banks, at the same time the banks are started to get loses, hence the recession started. During the recession the hotels has been facing more problems, because they cant afford the own money to run their business, and banks are not lending the money to any, business organizations. Hotels are loosing their profit by offering low rates of acommbidation. Assesses changes occurring in the UK hotel market during 1997 and relates these to current and predicted future developments. Identifies the key issues affecting supply and demand, competitive success and likely impacts and influences on the UK market during 1998. Ref: (Trevor Ward, Contemporary Hospitality Management 270-273). According to Ward the key issues are raising on product and demand , most of the hotels following same way, just they decrease the room cost, they aim to attract the customers in the recession by the same way they has been gaining loses. The general economic factors also affect the hotel industry, bad whether, the credit crunch and a decline in job, work against the industry as holiday travel is curtailed or eliminate. Ref: (Roo Sadegi Financial Times, n.d.). According to Roo, the hotel industry is affecting by whether and economical recession, most of employees are losing their jobs during the recession. It is hardly affecting the industry, employers also, not interesting to recruit the new staff, why means they are unable to pay wages to staff, so they are cutting jobs frequently. Not only in U.K most of countries affecting by economical recession. Data collection method: 1. Primary data collection method 2. Secondary data collection method Primary Data Collection Method: This primary data contain in-dept interview with the assistant general manager of hotel Marriott and customers, the interview for manager will be conducted by telephone, and whole conversation will be tape recorded. This interview estimated to between half an hour to an hour, questions will be prepared advance in a particular schedule. The questions will be having clear idea about area, what we have to cover. This is research of process is devolved by (Gill and Johnson 1991). Secondary Data Collection Method: Information will be gathered through online, books and news papers. This research proposal contains more information from online because no much literature about this research (Saunders, Lewis and Thorn hill). The data collection methods give brief idea about above research proposal. Methodology: Research methodology performs the important function in explaining the type of research strategy that the researcher may assume pass leading a research and it clarifies how the research is departing. The research is very important so it has main intention as information of the examiners, examine and normal (Jankkowicz, 2005). It explains how data would be collected, and gives idea about which methods to be used. As the principal indented of the researcher is to investigate the affects of global recession on hotel and tourism industry with hotel Marriott, allocate access would be principally inductive in character. The data collecting method in-depth interview (Saunders, Lewis and Thorn hill, 2007), this interview will not be the prepared questions, it will be according participant, and would be very clear ideas (Alyan Bryman, Emma Bell, 2007). Data Analysis: The research process contain both qualitative and quantitative data analysis approach, this is developed by (Saunders, Lewis and Thorn hill, 2007), data gathered through, in-depth interviews in telephone. This research will developed, based on grounded theory, use of this proposal is data analysis could carry out in a minor formalized. This research could also create of the data management, statistical analysis software such as statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). This software is admittance from the center; it will be used great full presentation of graphs, tables. Resources Requirement: For this research proposal, required largely from on-line. And need library facilities for declared copies, books and literature Re-view. Even tough, its not obtain much literature review. The beginning of the ground work will presume the comprehensive utilize of telephone amenities. It is primary proper to the lengthy way to approach into Hotel Marriott and models supply by the organization. Following interviews of customers also carried by telephone or internet rely on the interviewees` priority. Time Scale: Table: Gantt- Chart (Feb 20th to Apr 29)

Baboons :: essays papers

Baboons Baboons belong to the Old World monkey family, Cercopithecidae. They are found in Africa, south of the Sahara as well as in the Saudi Arabia desert (Class Notes 6/12/01). There are five subspecies of baboons including the hamadryas, the Guinea, the yellow, the chacma, and the olive baboons. BABOONS AND THEIR HABITAT The baboon is the most widespread primate in Africa. Well-known for their remarkable ability to adapt, baboons can be found in a variety of habitats, ranging from semi-desert to rainforest, and from coastal areas to mountains. Their adaptability also extends to their feeding habits — baboons will eat just about anything. The baboon's diet includes a wide variety of plants, of which they eat every part: leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, roots, bulbs, tubers, seeds, shoots, bark and even sap. As for meat, these resourceful monkeys will eat insects, shellfish, small reptiles and amphibians, rodents, birds, fish, eggs and even young antelope or livestock. Several kinds of baboons live in Africa and southwestern Arabia. These include the hamadryas baboon, which lives on plains and rocky hills of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and eastern Africa near the Red Sea, and the chacma baboon, which inhabits rocky regions and open woodlands in southern Africa. Olive baboons inhabit the Kekopey cattle ranch located near the town of Gilgil, Kenya. â€Å"The central part of the ranch consists of open grassland studded with occasional patches of bushy shrub, scattered thornbush, and small groves of giant fever trees† (Smuts 17). They eat a wide variety of foods including insects, flowers, leaves, fruits of bushes and herbs, and most significant of all, the grass itself. â€Å"Baboons eat the green blades of grass during the rainy seasons and dig for corms-the underground storage organ of sedge grasses-when the ranch is dry† (Smuts 17-18). They can carry food in pouches inside their cheeks. Probably the most serious predators of baboons are the large carnivores such as cheetahs and leopards. Baboons live mostly on the ground but sleep in such places as trees or cliffs. â€Å"Throughout Africa baboons achieve some protection from nocturnal predators by sleeping in tall trees or on cliffs (Smuts 19). Usually each troop sleeps on a different cliff, but occasionally two troops will share a single sleeping site. In addition to the predators previously mentioned, baboons share their range with antelope as well as other large mammals including zebra, warthog, jackals, and African buffalo.

Eco-tourism

Eco-tourism is more than a catch phrase for nature loving travel and recreation. Eco-tourism is consecrated for preserving and sustaining the diversity of the world's natural and cultural environments. It accommodates and entertains visitors in a way that is minimally intrusive or destructive to the environment and sustains & supports the native cultures in the locations it is operating in. Responsibility of both travellers and service providers is the genuine meaning for eco-tourism. Eco-tourism also endeavours to encourage and support the diversity of local economies for which the tourism-related income is important. With support from tourists, local services and producers can compete with larger, foreign companies and local families can support themselves. Besides all these, the revenue produced from tourism helps and encourages governments to fund conservation projects and training programs. Saving the environment around you and preserving the natural luxuries and forest life, that's what eco-tourism is all about. Whether it's about a nature camp or organizing trekking trips towards the unspoilt and inaccessible regions, one should always keep in mind not to create any mishap or disturbance in the life cycle of nature. Eco-tourism focuses on local cultures, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is typically defined as travel to destinations where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Responsible Eco-tourism includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to promote recycling, energy efficiency, water reuse, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities are an integral part of Eco-tourism. Historical, biological and cultural conservation, preservation, sustainable development etc. are some of the fields closely related to Eco-Tourism. Many professionals have been involved in formulating and developing eco-tourism policies. They come from the fields of Geographic Information Systems, Wildlife Management, Wildlife Photography, Marine Biology and Oceanography, National and State Park Management, Environmental Sciences, Women in Development, Historians and Archaeologists, etc. Eco-tourism is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization with an annual growth rate of 5% worldwide and representing 6% of the world gross domestic product, 11. 4% of all consumer spending – not a market to be taken lightly. What is Eco-tourism? Fundamentally, eco-tourism means making as little environmental impact as possible and helping to sustain the indigenous populace, thereby encouraging the preservation of wildlife and habitats when visiting a place. This is responsible form of tourism and tourism development, which encourages going back to natural products in every aspect of life. It is also the key to sustainable ecological development. The International Eco-tourism Society defines eco-tourism as â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. This means that those who implement and participate in Eco-tourism activities should follow the following principles: Minimize impact Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts Provide direct financial benefits for conservation Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climate Support international human rights and labour agreements Aware of the Environment – Today the â€Å"Green Laws† of conservation are making people aware of how man and the environment can live symbiotically for more time to come and eco-tourism is the only way to maximize the economic, environmental and social benefits of tourism. Everyone is a stakeholder in the process and we clearly need to avoid our past shortcomings and negative impact that they have had. In India too the movement is gathering momentum with more and more travel and travel related organisation's are addressing the needs of the eco-tourists and promoting eco-tourism in the country. Some basic do's and don'ts of eco-tourism are listed below: Do's Carry back all non-degradable litter such as empty bottles, tins, plastic bags etc. These must not litter the environment or be buried. They must be disposed in municipal dustbins only. Observe the sanctity of holy sites, temples and local cultures. Cut noise pollution. Do not blare aloud radios, tape recorders or other electronic entertainment equipment in nature resorts, sanctuaries and wildlife parks. In case temporary toilets are set-up near campsites, after defecation, cover with mud or sand. Make sure that the spot is at least 30 meters away from the water source. Respect people's privacy while taking photographs. Ask for prior permission before taking a photograph. Don'ts Do not take away flora and fauna in the forms of cuttings, seeds or roots. It is illegal, especially in the Himalayas. The environment is really delicate in this region and the bio-diversity of the region has to be protected at all costs. Do not use pollutants such as detergent, in streams or springs while washing and bathing. Do not use wood as fuel to cook food at the campsite. Do not leave cigarettes butts or make open fires in the forests. Do not consume aerated drinks, alcohol, drugs or any other intoxicant and throw bottles in the wild. Do not tempt the locals, especially children by offering them foodstuff or sweets. Respect local traditions. Polythene and plastics are non biodegradable and unhealthy for the environment and must not be used and littered. As a traveller, you will have an impact on the environment and culture of the place you are visiting. Here are some rules of thumb to make this impact positive! Golden Rules When You Travel Learn about your destination before you get there. Read guidebooks, travel articles, histories, and/or novels by local authors and pay particular attention to customs such as greetings, appropriate dress, eating behaviours, etc. Being sensitive to these customs will increase local acceptance of you as a tourist and enrich your trip. Follow established guidelines. Ask your eco-tour operator, guide and/or the local authorities what their guidelines are for limiting tourism's impact on the environment and local culture. Staying on trails, packing up your trash, and remaining set distances away from wildlife are a few ways to minimize your impact in sensitive areas. Seek out and support locally owned businesses. Support local businesses during your eco-travels to ensure maximum community and conservation benefit from your spending. Eco-Tourism in India is still at a very nascent stage, but there are for sure conscious efforts to save the fragile Himalayan Eco System and culture and heritage of the indigenous people, which is probably the largest concentration in the world. Holiday Camping vis a vis Hotel accommodation are gathering momentum amongst the metropolis traveller. A plethora of holiday camping options are available in the Himalayan belt, where soft adventure tourism is packaged with holiday camping to create an acceptable eco-tourism product. Resorts tucked deep inside jungles of Karnataka, House-boats of Kerala, Tree Houses at Vythiri combine to make India one of the most diverse eco-tourism destinations on the planet.

Essay on Manifest Destiney

Essay on Manifest Destiney Essay on Manifest Destiney Matthew Yorko Period F Chapter 13 Essay Choice #1 The concept of Manifest Destiny in relation to the 1840s is a poignant part of this concepts defining period. First the question, â€Å"What is the exact definition of Manifest Destiny?’ must be answered. It is the belief that expansion across the continent of North America is the God given right of the United States. Not only did this driving force emphasize on expansion it represented much more to its proponents, it was freedom and the force that would help economic growth as well. Manifest Destiny was an American concept that represented freedom, pushed its citizens westward towards the Pacific Ocean in droves, and was tool for allowing the nation to grow economically. The idea that Manifest Destiny was a direct relation was a main pillar of this concept. The issues concerning President Polk and the question of the Oregon territory and the looming war with Mexico was a display of expansion correlating with freedom. Regarding Oregon, America came dangerously close to war wi th Britain. This border dispute between the two parties pointedly showed Americas thirst for land. The rallying cry, â€Å"Fifty-four forty or fight† referred to the latitude of the northern boundary line of the desired territory. This phrase gives insight to the willingness of America’s readiness to fight for the land the nation coveted. The war with Mexico is another provable example of America using freedom from another group to fuel the conceptual machine that was Manifest Destiny. Before the example is explained, some background information is required. Mexico recognized Texas independence in 1845 some land was still very much disputed. The main factor driving America to war was the breaches of freedom Texans endured from the Mexican government. After the events that transpired at the Rio Grande war was assured, and the outcome would be that America would win the war and gain the disputed America to put it simply would not render to any nation whatsoever. Acquiri ng land was not just the nation’s desire, but rather according to Manifest Destiny it was their God given duty to expand and war was an acceptable medium as a means to fulfill this duty. Economic growth was very much apart of the Manifest Destiny and in fact is a strong reason the concept existed. As an expanding nation America was very much in need of more area to accommodate itself. Naturally a concept representing freedom and growth needed something that could run its width and America found this in the railroad. The railroad is goes hand in hand with economic growth because it greatly stimulated the economy. The idea of pushing west on a bustling locomotive was a romantic idea that helped to reinforce Manifest Destiny. The

The eNotes Blog Are You with theBanned

Are You with theBanned Banned Books Week is currently celebrating its 36th anniversary! This years theme, Banning Books Silences Stories, is a reminder that everyone needs to speak out against the tide of censorship. Did you know that some of the best works of all time, and very often the ones youll have studied in school, have at one time or another been censored from the public? Did you know that the practice of censorship in literature still goes on today? Yup, somewhere out there, a blinkered individual could actually be pondering at this very moment the dangers of a mind raised on an occultist story like  Bridge to Terabithia, while someone of the same mindset argues that the bildungsroman The Perks of Being a Wallflower is unsuited to a teenage audience. Seriously. And its not all Sex, by Madonna, Gossip Girl and l8r, g8r that are considered poised to corrupt our youth either. No, those are part of a tiny minority. What are the most frequently banned books? Our greatest ones, of course. Of Random Houses list of the 100 best novels of all time, 46 classics have been either challenged or banned altogether, some on a frequent basis. Of Mice and Men is one that is commonly challenged today. Even  in the last decade the list of banned books still includes To Kill a Mockingbird (for racial themes), Brave New World (for insensitivity, offensive language, and probably for being dystopian), and  The Catcher in the Rye (for being a filthy, filthy book), proving we are far from the progressive culture we may like to think of ourselves as. No sauciness allowed. Of all the reasons books are banned or challenged, sexual explicitness is cited the most often. Even when it does not concern important works, the point at hand here is that individuals and governments consider it their right to censor what others read, and that (to me) sounds borderline Cultural Revolution/Big Brother-esque. Its a tad hypocritical that the freedom of speech has been such a huge part of the public discourse lately, while so little thought is ever given to intellectual freedom: Intellectual freedom can exist only where two essential conditions are met: first, that all individuals have the right to hold any belief on any subject and to convey their ideas in any form they deem appropriate, and second, that society makes an equal commitment to the right of unrestricted access to information and ideas regardless of the communication medium used, the content of work, and the viewpoints of both the author and the receiver of information.   Intellectual Freedom Manual, 7th edition If libraries begin to ban books from the public, weve basically descended into a Fahrenheit 451 situation. Oh wait, thats another banned book, so that analogy means nothing If a book offends you, dont read it. But please, dont worry that Harry Potter will turn an entire generation of kids into wand-wielding Satan worshipers. Moreover, if the people trying to censor these stories really took the time to read them, they might just realize how much more faith in humanity these offensive books store than the censors do themselves. Theres a lot more out there to fear than a mind fed with imagination, fantasy, and original thought. And with that, Ill get off my soapbox. To see a visual history of the last thirty years of banned books, check out this great timeline  from the American Library Association. It contains thirty entries between 1982s banning of Slaughterhouse Five (a just plain filthy book) and 2012s Pedagogy of the Oppressed (banned for concerning ethnic studies).  You can also find out whos behind most of the book challenges, and other information, in the ALAs Statistics page. More famous banned books: Animal Farm by George Orwell Criticism of corruption and depiction of a talking pig.   The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie Criticized for profanity and sexual content.   All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque Viewed as unpatriotic. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Challenged for elements of racism and negative portrayal of colonialism. Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Banned for foul language, sexual content, violence, and considered a rejection of American individualism. Lord of the Flies by William Golding Challenged for being racist and offensive to minors.   Call of the Wild by Jack London Considered too radical. Alices Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carrol Banned for talking animals, negative depictions of teachers, and alleged drug references. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Challenged for stereotyping, racism, and inappropriate language. The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins Criticized for being sexually explicit, too violent for young adults, and anti-family. What are your thoughts on banned books? Do some deserve to be taken off the shelves? If so, which ones? Wed love to hear your thoughts in a comment below!

Organizations That Impact Mining Industry Essay - 1

Organizations That Impact Mining Industry - Essay Example safety and health administration), SME (Society of Mining Industry), NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health), NMA (National Mining association), EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the Sierra Club. This paper will focus on how these institutes operate and the significance of these institutes for the mining industry (Woodard 416). The purpose of MSHA is to ensure and protect the miners’ of USA and the community from injuries, diseases and deaths caused due to mining activities. According to Mine Act, the function of the MSHA is to evaluate surface mines for twice a year and underground mines for four times each annum. This survey is conducted by the surveyors of the MSHA, they conduct this survey to ensure that the mines are developed in accordance to the guidelines provided by the Mine Act and the mine owners and managers are complying with the standards proposed by the mine Act. The Act further requires the inspectors of MSHA to issue an order to the operators of the mine in case of non-compliance with the Mine Act (MSHA, 2012). SME comprises of eight different divisions and each division is created to serve in the best interest of the members of SME. Members of these divisions include students as well as professional engineers. The function of SME is to bring advancement to the community of minerals with the assistance of sharing information and developing professionals. SME itself is a member organization of American Institute of Mining which was created during the era of 1871 by a small number of coal miners. SME provides information to its members and takes part in the development of its members by providing them with technical peer reviewed journal articles, hosting seminars, accrediting colleges and providing education to the common public. Students of the engineering field can benefit through SME in several ways (SME, 2012). They have to pay discounted price to become a member of the organization and with this membership they

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Final paper - Essay Example It is time the government legalized the sale of organs. Legalization of organ sales will lower vital organs-related deaths boosting the supply of such organs, eliminating illicit organ markets, allowing access to cheaper organ transplant, and compensate donors. The demand for organs is overwhelming, and yet the supply is far too low. Right now, over 85,000 people in U.S. alone are on the list of those waiting for organs (Calandrillo 72). Out of these, a majority (about 60,000) requires a kidney, 17,000 are in desperate need of a liver, 4,000 are hoping for a lung, while 3,500 are desperate for a heart. The organs are the most important for the survival of any human being. Any defect in them can shorten a person’s life within a short period. The patients on the waitlist thus urgently need them as they are living on borrowed time. However, the supply of these organs is shockingly far much less. Calandrillo says that the year 2003 saw organs harvest from only 13,000 individuals to facilitate the mere 25,000 transplants in the U.S. (72). It means that the many patients who were not successful to get a required organ sadly died. Ironically, the painful shortage is because a majority of the organs go to the grave when the owners die. A lack of donation-appropriate organs is not a primary cause. A bumper sticker once read, â€Å"Please do not take your organs with you to heaven. Heaven understands that we are desperate for them here on the earth† (The Economist). Each year witnesses many Americans die in ways that would make it possible for an organ harvest. For example, some die in road accidents, others due to heart attacks and strokes but organs come from only a few of the possible donors. In fact, about 75% of the Americans are not ready to donate organ upon their death. Hence, the remaining percentage that have opted to offer an organ cannot sufficiently meet the national needs. The situation

Customer Service Excellence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Service Excellence - Essay Example More specifically, organizational culture is an established set of mutual mental conventions that guide understanding and action in organizations by outlining appropriate behaviour for various circumstances (Ravasi & Schultz, 2006). From organizational values advance organizational norms, procedures, or expectations that recommend appropriate manners of behaviour by employees in specific situations and govern the behaviour of organizational members towards each other. Strong culture is said to occur where staff respond to stimulus because of their placement with the organizational values. In such surroundings, strong cultures aid firms function like well-oiled machines, voyaging along with outstanding performance and perhaps minor modification of prevailing procedures here and there. Equally, there is weak culture where there is slightarrangement with organizational values and control must be implemented through extensive measures as well as a culture of bureaucracy. Research indicat es that organizations that nurture strong cultures have clear ideals and values that give employees a motive to embrace the culture. A ‘strong’ culture may be particularlyadvantageous to firms operating in the service sector because members of these establishments are responsible for carrying out the service and for evaluations significantcomponents make about firms. Research specifies that organizations may develop the following benefits from sustaining strong as well as dynamic cultures: Better supporting the company towards attaining its mission, vision and goals High employee enthusiasm and devotion Elevated team cohesiveness amongst the company’s various units and departments Encouragingreliability and inspiringmanagement and control within the company Influencing employee behaviour at work, empowering the organization to be more resourceful (Hofstede, 1980) Businesses are gradually adopting customer-focused business processes to increase competitive advanta ge. Especially predominant in industries where product offerings and price do not provide adequate differentiation, this new focus compromises numerous assistances. Customer involvement is the battleground, and a business can't triumph with a culture that doesn't truly clasp the concept. Culture can neither be simply forced on a business nor fashioned by flicking a switch. However, there are a few key steps can assistance put a business on the path towards a customer-focused philosophy. To shape your business around customers, an organization should aim to comprehend them, and create a regular discussion. If a business arms itself with the gears to better comprehend your customers, you will be better able to perform in their best benefits. A business’s employees possess great understanding in their customer base and how todelight them. Tap this knowledge base to better appreciate employee views. It is important not to limit this outreach to customer-facing employees only. A c ustomer-focused culture is not just about giving better customer service at the front desk; it is about permeating all the actions as a business with a sagacity of how the customer is influenced by those actions (or absence of them).Corporate culture is a long-term deliberation, and representing that you're truly investing in change will help to drive additional change and involve your employees in the process (Schein, 1985). Customer feedback is not always applauded by employees, so it

Understanding of Working Practices Essay Example for Free

Understanding of Working Practices Essay Understanding of working practices and strategies that can be used to minimise abuse in health and social care. The discussion within this essay is about some of the sections of the children’s act, it will explain the existing working practices, which are designed to minimise abuse and neglect within health and social care contexts, also evaluating the effectiveness of working practices and strategies used to minimise abuse and neglect within health and social care contexts, also discussing possible improvements to working practices and strategies to minimise abuse in health and social care contexts. Also within this discussion Hamzah Khan will be drawn upon as examples of when the children’s Act did not come into action when their abuse and neglect was at its strongest point. Strengths, weaknesses, positives and negatives will also be drawn upon through the lives of Hamzah Khan. As well, the Munro review and timescales. Within the role of the LADO –Local authority designated officer they are set to safeguard children, a LADO could have helped Hamzah Khan and possibly saved his life, not resulting in death (government, 2013). The Lado has certain strategies and working practice they have to abide by to ensure a child’s safety. For example if a child is in the hands of suspected abuse or neglect they must consider a police investigation of the possible criminal offence; enquiries and assessment by children’s social care about whether a child is in need of protection or in need of services; and consideration by an employer of disciplinary action in respect of the individual (government, 2013). They are also responsible for letting the child’s voice be heard, providing advice, information and guidance to employers and voluntary organisations around allegations and concerns regarding paid and unpaid workers. These strategies and working practices are here to help prevent abuse in cases such as Hamzah Khan, However Hamzah did not receive a LADO, but if he had he might not have been abused and he might not of died with the tools that the LADO has, he or she could have took Hamzah away from that home, when suspected abuse was first brought up and could have formed a case, which then could have gone to the courts, leading to Hamzah possibly going into foster care where he could not have been abused anymore. Improvements could be made in the children’s Act of the LADO. A LADO needs to be contacted more, and needs to be in contact  more with other health care professions so they can communicate together with what is happening with the child, but in Hamzah’s case the Lado obviously failed to do so (Wirral, 2015). The LSCB are required to produce policies and procedures for supporting the welfare of children in their local area. The board are required to take immediate action when a child’s welfare is at risk, also to investigate any allegations of people working with children, i.e. teachers, nursery workers, etc. They are to communicate with other health and social care professionals, also promoting the welfare of children and raise awareness to deal with the situation. The board is also responsible for observing and evaluating inefficiency of what’s done by authorities and their bodies to safeguard and promote welfare of children and advice on how to improve things. Monitor and evaluating the effectiveness of what is done by the authority and their board partners individually and collectively to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and advising them on ways to improve. In addition to all of the above they are to evaluate serious cases within the local areas and find a better solution to improve the situation at hand. For example finding a foster family for a child that has been previously abused and neglected in their home, in this case blood ideology (blood related) would not been ideal, as placing a child back into an abusive home where the child is more likely to get abused and neglected again, whereas in a foster home the child is safe and not at risk with this non- blood ideology family. The board use these strategies and working practices to help prevent children from getting abused, the positives to the LSCB are that they are required by law to communicate with people and bodies in areas of authority to safe guard children, so they can get in touch with these authorities and find out of them all different information that can help prove suspected abuse is going on and then get the right authority to remove the child of suspected abuse however a negative is that  The LSCB says that blood link ideology is better than non blood link ideology so even if a child has previously been abused at a home they are preferred to go back there as it is blood linked. (Working together online, 2013) In Hamzah’s case one of these officers was not provided, as he was described as ‘the invisible child’ (The Guardian, 2013). Improvements such as removing the blood link ideology from this section of the act would improve it greatly as this means that there are  less chances of this child getting abused by their previous abuser again. The LSCB did not occur in Hamzah’s case, he was not a priority and he wasn’t safeguarded by this board. His case was not evaluated, and the situation he was in which he was being abused and neglected was not being improved by any health care profession, like the LSCB are supposed to do, for example improving his situation by putting him into a foster family so he could not be put at risk any longer. â€Å"An emergency protection order is when a person applies to a court for an order to be made under this section with respect to the child† (www.gov.uk, 1989). The court may make the order, but only under these criteria; There is belief that the child is very likely to suffer harm, neglect or abuse if he or she is not moved to accommodation immediately tha t is provided by the applicant or on behalf of the applicant. He or she does not stay in the place in which he or she is being accommodated. An emergency protection order could have been issued so many times within this case, however all health care professional failed to see something wrong as quoted he was the â€Å"invisible child† to social services especially, during a visit too Amanda Hutton’s house it was found that one of Amanda’s children didn’t have a bed, one child’s sleeping arrangements were made unclear and Amanda herself seem to be under a unknown influence of alcohol or drugs, but none of these professionals thought that any of these would be a reason to issue a EPO, if this EPO was put in place they could have helped Amanda for example make it a court order that she goes to rehabilitation and be sober before Hamzah was back in her care, they could have also got her property in a better state as there was rubbish everywhere, they could have also help find her a job and get a steady income so her family wasn’t neglected and in poverty; all of these things if put in place within the EPO could have resulted in Hamzah being a healthy boy today. (Bradford safeguarding children board, 2013) These strategies and working practices did not help Hamzah as stated above; the EPO needs many improvements to that for example someone like Hamzah doesn’t die again, for example a negative to this section is that the child in question of abuse can be returned after 8 days if they have failed to find valid evidence and the EPO can apply again for a further 7 more days, but this still not long enough, so even if Hamzah  did get an EPO he could have been returned and then further abuse could have carried on and this is going to happen to other children if the time limit is still so short, however this time could be considered quite a long period away from the family as the suspected abuser may not even be abusing the child. â€Å"The Munro review was critical of the current system used for monitoring performance in child protection, Munro explained that by focusing on specific aspects of process within child protection system- as opposed to the quality of practice –performance indicators have skewed and misdirected local priorities, current performance indicators focus on data which is easy to collect and achievements are measured in the form of numbers e.g. number of C.P plans and efficiency targets† (tri.x, 2011) This proves to be a negative aspect, the system is more bothered about quantity rather than quality and this intervention tell us nothing at all about children being safer as a result of the intervention. One improvement on the Munro is that these new indicators place a clear emphasis on the importance of collecting outcome data. Within the Munro improvements are set to get even better with stronger focus on outcomes and impact, they are set to also get feedback from children, young people, families and the work force. They are also now set to improve the scope of the new data collection measures for example; focusing on timelines, workforce issues and outcomes and experiences. (tri.x, 2011) To summarise if these improvements were made earlier could this review have saved Hamzah? Bibliography 1. The guardian (2013) Hamzah khan: social services missed warning signs, report finds [online]. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/nov/13/hamzah-khan-social-services-warning-signs [accessed on 29/12/14] 2. Government (2013) if your child is taken into care [online] Available from:https://www.gov.uk/if-your-child-is-taken-into-care/care-proceedings [accessed on 2nd December 2014] 3. Government (2013) Local Authority designated officer for allegations [online]. Available from: https://www.wirral.gov.uk/my-services/childrens-services/wirral-safeguarding-childrens-board/information-professionals/allegations [accessed on 29/12/14] 4. Government (2013) Local Authority designated officer for allegations [online]. Available from: https://www.wirral.gov.uk/my-services/childrens-services/wirral-safeguarding-childrens-board/information-professionals/allegations [accessed on 29/12/14] 5. Government (2013) Local Authority designated officer for allegations [online]. Available from: https://www.wirral.gov.uk/my-services/childrens-services/wirral-safeguarding-childrens-board/information-professionals/allegations [accessed on 29/12/14] 6. Government (2013) working together to safeguard children [online]. Available from:http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/254669/Safeguarding-children,-child-protection-policy-2012.pdf [accessed on 22nd November 2014] 7. Trixonline (2011) The Munro review interim report: ‘the child’s journey’ [online].Available from :(http://www.trixonline.co.uk/website/news/pdf/policy_briefing_No-11.pdf [accessed on 29/12/14 8. Trixonline (2011) The Munro review interim report: ‘the child’s journey’ [online].Available from :(http://www.trixonline.co.uk/website/news/pdf/policy_briefing_No-11.pdf [accessed on 29/12/14]

Graduation Speech: Strive to Succeed :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

This is it. In less than five minutes we'll be done with high school But you know I've got to say something before we go. When I moved here in eighth grade my plan was to go back to live with my Dad in Washougal to be with my friends that I had for ages. But I stayed, I got to know you guys, and heard stories about you and your life-long friends. And I even got implanted in some of your memories. Actually, in this year cheerleader ... who was it, oh Jason Jons wrote something proving this in my yearbook. This is what he wrote, "There's too much to be said here man. We've been friends sine 7th GRADE. (Eyebrows and smile.) Remember those times," apparently not, "with the bass rebels." Now Jason who are they? Something along the lines of Desperado. Then he continues to tell me how I shouldn't anything especially that which I've never experienced. But along with all the stories and memories, I learned so much more from all of you. Burke you taught me how to work hard and work with confidence, and for those that know Burke they know that confidence is not something he is in short supply of. And Josh you prov ed that white guys can bust a move. Kira showed that a smile with a laugh can move a mountain, and Randy like Einstein you have displayed that all geniuses have messed up hair dos. I mean really, one day he comes up to me pulls out a lock of hair and cuts it off with a pair of scissors and said, "Christian, you can't tell where it came from." And I didn't say it then, but I really couldn't. However, ladies and gentlemen, parents, faculty, and administration the observation that is most prevalent about this class, the thing that I have learned the most from the, is that hope is something that only dies when you give up, and it is something that will never dies in this group of people. I don't think I need to mention how many times this class, in spite of its numerous accomplishments, has emotionally hit rock bottom. But these graduates here tonight, the people that I am honored to call my class with aide of each other pick themselves up, smile, and know that tomorrow is coming with a promise, a promise that if we do not relent we will succeed.

English Prose Study Essay :: English Literature

English Prose Study Essay Miss Havisham is first introduced to the reader when Mr Pumblechook (Pips Uncle) announces that Miss Havisham Requests Pips presence to play at her house. Miss Havisham fits into the main plot because she trains Estella to â€Å" break their hearts.† When Pip sees Estella for the fist time, he instantly falls in love with her. Miss Havisham sees this and she encourages Pip to do so. Miss Havisham was also, in Pips eyes, the cause of his ‘Great expectations’ Miss Havisham may also have been placed in the novel by Dickens, To explore how the effects of bad experiences on people. In this case it would be Miss Havisham being jilted on her wedding day In the first description of Satis house you get the image of a dilapidated house that has been abandoned even though there is someone there still living there. When pip goes to miss Havishams house she asks him to touch her heart. This according to her is ‘Broken.’ When Miss Havisham says ‘I sometimes have sick fancies’ this shows that Miss Havisham is mentally disturbed in the head. Satis house is an old decaying house, which was turned this way by Miss Havishams neglect. When Pip returns to miss Havishams she takes him into her wedding breakfast room. There is a rotting cake in the middle of the table. This sums up Miss Havishams life perfectly. Forgotten and Mouldy. Another thing that is made out to be strange is that al the clocks have been stopped at twenty to nine. This makes it sound like her life has been frozen in time, as she also wore one shoe, half her veil was arranged and she still wore a decaying wedding dress. This makes the readers believe that she has frozen time at that exact point. Miss Havisham plays an important part in the Novel as she leads pip into believing that she was his benefactor because he believed that she was rearing him for Estella when in fact it was the convict (Magwitch). Miss Havishams character at the beginning of the novel is made out to be cruel and heartless, however later on in the novel she turns over a new leaf and begs for Pip’s forgiveness just before she is burnt to death. Charles Dickens explores the theme of sin and forgiveness in the novel. Throughout the novel some of the people who have sinned tried to redeem themselves the other people who have sinned haven’t. In addition, Dickens explores the theme of what is a gentle man. Compyson Who jilted Miss Havisham and manipulated Magwitch into doing his dirty

The Theory and Medical Treatment of ADHD

For the past several decades the terms learning disorders, learning dysfunctions, learning disabilities, learning differences, and attention-deficit disorders have made the rounds in the educational, medical, and psychological journals. The concepts have been studied routinely and thoroughly with similar and distinct differences. Some theoreticians and educators include the concepts of dyslexia, hyperactivity, interrupted concentration, anxiety, perceptual dysfunction, and a host of other variables as belonging to the definition of what should be called a learning puzzle rather than a dysfunction. If the perception of a piece is placed before the recognition of the whole, then treatment is item specific and not supportive of the entire structure. In other words, learning, and the process whereby it is completed or interrupted, must be viewed in relation to the whole structure rather than identified by its parts. The learning puzzle can be properly described as an intricate formation of a human's neurological, physiological, psychological, and sociological systems (parts) blended together to produce a healthy functioning individual (whole). The â€Å"act† of learning is accomplished optimally when all parts of the puzzle are functioning without interruption. However, when learning is interrupted through external or internal stimuli the puzzle cannot be completed and negative results occur. The lack of puzzle completion is brought about both environmentally and medically. For example: A lack of educational opportunity, poor self esteem, and even peer pressure (environmental leaning interruption) can help to erode the puzzle structure and produce a dysfunctional situation in the learning process (Jourard, 1959). Similarly, should there exist a malfunction in the body (medical part) disruption in learning can occur as well; thus preventing the puzzle from becoming complete. The focus, therefore, of this paper will be to report on that which causes learning to be disrupted through a medical variable (hyperactivity) and the treatment that can be applied to permit learning to take place on a much more normal basis. The literature is replete with references to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and the learning consequences. Generally speaking AD/HD is characterized by developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, attention, and hyperactivity. It is a neurological disorder (DSM-IV-TR, 2000; Breggin, 2000) that has serious consequences including school failure, problems with relationships, conduct disorder, substantive abuse and job failure (Bagwell, 2001; Cepeda, 2000). More specifically AD/HD refers to a family of related chronic neurobiological disorders that interfere with an individual's capacity to regulate activity level (hyperactivity), inhibit behavior (impulsivity), and attend to tasks (inattention) in developmentally appropriate ways. Treatment for the disorder runs the gambit from behavioral therapy (Rabiner, 2003), to herbal remedies (Chan, 2000), to medication (Biederman, 1999). For the most part the drugs used to treat AD/HD are those, which must be prescribed by a physician. Regardless of the drug prescribed the most effective way to treat AD/HD is to use a combination of drugs and therapy. The most common, as well as most familiar, prescriptive medications used for the treatment of AD/HD in children are those stimulants known as methylphenidates (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate-ER) and amphetamines (Dexedrine, Dexedrine Spansules, Adderall. (Breggin, 1998; Watkins and Brynes, 1999). However, administering these particular drugs to AD/HD children reportedly has some rather severe ramifications such as drug dependency, changing brain chemistry, suppressing appetite, and disrupting the growth hormone. Stimulant medications commonly used to decrease distractibility by increasing focus and concentration, are Ritalin, Dexedrine and Cylert. The general misconception is that this type of medication is used to control hyperactivity. However, the decrease in observable hyperactivity is actually the result of increased ability to concentrate. On the other hand there are even some researchers and practitioners who believe that Ritalin can also lead the way to the use of other narcotics and drugs as the child gets older. Yet there are those who believe that even though the use of Ritalin should be discontinued, they believe the AD/HD child can be placed in a more compliant or submissive state with medications that will permit the child to gain control over the disruptive behavior and learn more (Pelham, Carlson, Sams, Vallano, Dixon, & Hoza, 1993; Runnheim et al. 1996; Barkley, R. A. ,1990). Just because an AD/HD child may have a positive reaction to medication is not indicative that medication is all that is required to produce the desired learning and behavioral results. The medications do not cure the disorder; they only control the symptoms while the medication is in the system. Knowing that medications may help a child pay better attention they do not improve the child's academic skills or increase the child's knowledge. What is most often recommended for lasting improvement is to combine a medical management program with other treatment modalities such as behavioral therapy, emotional support, and parental and educational involvement. The concern today is that everyone is looking for a miracle cure for AD/HD children. Successful treatment of AD/HD requires specifically dealing with several problems in terms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and poor motivation. In fact the more the treatment digresses from the aforementioned performance points, the less successful the treatment becomes. Knowing that proper nutrition, exercise and a healthy lifestyle is important for everyone, including ADHD children, there is extremely little scientific evidence that any homeopathic or herbal preparations will lessen or eliminate the symptoms of AD/HD in children. In addition there is little evidence as well treating an AD/HD child with vitamin and mineral supplements, biofeedback, or acupuncture will have any long-lasting affect. The life of an AD/HD child can only change for the better through a combination of careful assessment, proper counseling, family involvement, and appropriate medical treatment.

Terrorism Essays - Terrorism, Definitions Of Terrorism, Free Essays

Terrorism Essays - Terrorism, Definitions Of Terrorism, Free Essays Terrorism As we are approaching the 21st century, it seems that terrorism is becoming another one of society's constant problems. It has reached to an extent that most of us have now become immune to it. We hear about the hijacking of different airplanes, kidnapping of diplomatic officers, slaughter of innocent civilians by other civilians and what do we do about it? Nothing. Due to some dirty fish, most of us do not protest anymore about passing our luggage through metal detectors and submitting to searches at airports. Some of us believe that terrorism is something that can not be controlled, just like poverty, discrimination and crime, which is just there. On the other hand, some experts believe that terrorism may be abolished if nations begin to follow a firm, non-tolerant approach taken by countries like ________. What do most terrorists really want? Well, terrorists in most instances first strike by doing something vicious like bombing an area, so that the government and the citizens of the country can be terrified of them. Then, they make their demands: _________, safe passage or release of their fellow terrorists. The media and the citizens then want the government to negotiate with their demands and give them whatever they want so that they can go away. The situation stated above is quite common and will only encourage further acts of terrorism. What can the government do to stop terrorism? *It can eliminate terrorism by showing the terrorists some action and retaliation as act of self-defense. *It can exert political pressure on nations that practice or support terrorism and refuse to trade with them. *It can refuse to sell these nations any kind of _________ and/or military devices. It can terminate ________ relations and close down their __________ in these nations. *Another response would be using military action, which should not be ruled out in the case of hijacking of ships or planes. These steps may have some good affects on other nations and soon the rest shall follow them.

Essay Sample on Philosophy of Supervision

Essay Sample on Philosophy of Supervision Introduction Supervision is an integral part of a job, and its presence is more than wanted for employees to complete work successfully. As such, it is crucial for a company, an institution or an establishment to setup a supervisory body not only to ensure that work is completed but also accomplish other necessary roles. Thus, supervisors need to have an implementable plan to use while at work. This allows them to plan their way around their job, and succeed in overseeing everything that matters. Moreover, supervisors work to provide the expected results to the stakeholders or management body they are working for in a clinic, for example. How and When to Implement Multiple Roles in Supervision In a clinic, the management or stakeholders employ supervisors who are in charge of other subordinate staff members. In this job position, it is expected that the supervisor checks whether the other workers are accomplishing their work as per the management’s expectations. Thus, the supervisor checks on various factors related to the work being done in the establishment. For instance, the supervisor is responsible for checking the time other staff members report for work. This ensures that all members of the workforce deliver their services within the expected period. Hence, for one to gain that position as a supervisor they have to possess various commendable qualities, for example, being diligent workers who are always on time to deliver their services as expected. When other staff members are reporting, the supervisors have to reach the place of work before everybody. This gives provides them with the opportunity to note the time when other members reported (Sarnat, 2012). Supervisors have the overall duty to check the quality of other members’ jobs. Hence, the supervisors must have the appropriate knowledge and skills to determine whether a subordinate’s work is up to standard or not. If a subordinate’s work is substandard, for example, the supervisor needs to know exactly what to adjust or ask the staff member to change. As mentioned earlier, it is essential that supervisors possess various characteristics, in this case, vast knowledge about the field they are overseeing. Such are examples of cases that prompt supervisors to exhibit multiple roles in their work. This is yet another unique feature that supervisors need to have to perform their work as expected. Moments at work change according to current conditions that may need the supervisor to implement different skills. Supervisors, for instance, need to exhibit authority in situations where confusion is thriving among the subordinates. In such times, the supervisors need to take charge of the situation and guide their subordinates accordingly. Some members of the staff may be overwhelmed by work, and a customer is dissatisfied with the services. In such a situation, a supervisor can swoop in to take care of the matter. Therefore, a supervisor needs to display flexibility at work by implementing multiple roles in their work at any time. Management also expects the same from the supervisors (Watkins, 2012). How to Build a Supervisory Alliance Supervisors need to deliver their work successfully as per the expectations of the superiors. One of the significant factors that impact the quality of the supervisors’ work is their environment. They need to work in a proper environment for them to complete and execute their plans successfully. Other members of the staff are a part of the supervisor’s environment, and it is necessary for one to know the most preferred way to deal with them. It is at this point that supervisory alliances are deemed necessary in maintaining an appropriate working environment. Supervisory alliances are forms of groupings that supervisors coin with their supervisees. The supervisees are placed in the care of their supervisors for various reasons. For example, it is important to have a leader who is ready to take control of things, in this case, the supervisor. Indeed, the supervisor has authority over other members of staff, but alliances are a preferable way for both parties to work toget her. Alliances between supervisors and supervisees work best when there are mutual agreements between the two parties. These agreements can be reached when forming the alliances. The most probable way of coming up with the alliances is the supervisor or management floating the idea to the members of staff. This is followed by collecting data and information in regards to the members’ response. When most of the members agree to create an alliance with their supervisors, the concerned parties sit for meetings. It is during such meetings that all members, including supervisors, come up with the required regulations purported to guide the way things are to be executed (Watkins, 2012). In addition, it is at this point that the two parties come to terms with the reasons behind the formation of the alliance. Taking these steps at the commencement of the alliance binds both the supervisors and supervisees to follow the rules. In case any party breaks the rules they are eligible for punishm ent without objection since they are all aware of the regulations. For example, if a subordinate staff member delivers substandard work, the supervisor has the mandate to request for an explanation from the supervisee. As such, the subordinate member is obliged to provide reasons for submitting substandard work. How to Assess and Enhance Supervisee Development Supervisors have different roles in their jobs, and guiding their supervisees is among their primary jobs. Acting as guides to their supervisees is an elaborate way of helping a clinic gain diligent workers and eventually help the establishment gain success. In addition, supervisors help supervisees know where they have made mistakes in their work. This is necessary as not all employees would work as per the company’s expectations. It is crucial for supervisors to assess their subordinates’ work, which they can do using different means. One of the common means is making direct and physical supervision of the work as it is being done. Consequently, they view the workers’ job in person. Ultimately, they can request them to make amendments or repeat the work. This is to ensure that work is completed within the company’s standards (Scott, Ingram, Vitanza, Smith, 2000). In other areas, the work done may be too large for the supervisor to make a physical visit to check whether the work done is standard or not. Such a case calls for efficient measures to keep track of the employees’ works. The supervisor may choose to scrutinize an employee’s products, but only a few samples. This way, the supervisor attains a general picture of the rest of the products. In other situations, a supervisor requests reports from the workers in concern to the work already done. Consequently, supervisors are furnished with the full details of the completed work (National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, 2012). In all these cases, not all the employees present commendable jobs. Such jobs need corrections and the supervisees require development. The most appropriate way to make these changes is exposing the employees to the preferred training session. Training provides employees with the necessary skills required by the clinic. Employees are taken in for a job position because they have the required skills, but these may fall short of what the employers expect. Instead of firing such employees, the employers find it preferable to take the subordinates through training. In turn, the employees hone their skills appropriately and in accordance to the employers’ expectations. Caring for employees is a sure way that employers can advance supervisee development. This is because the employees feel cared for and important to the establishment. Additionally, with such a mentality, it is clear that employees will work diligently and for the benefit of the whole institution (Milne, Aylott, Fitzp atrick Ellis, 2008). How to Monitor Ethical and Legal Compliance Clinics and other establishments often have Codes of Ethics to act as guidelines that determine how all employees function while at work. Ethical and legal compliances at work are two important factors that employees need to observe and practice. It is for the interest of the clinic and the clients that compliance of ethics must be observed. Therefore, the management has the ultimate duty of enforcing these practices and finding ways to ensure that all employees follow them. It is not easy to follow laws, but the consequences are too serious to ignore. Hence, employees at time abide by the rules to avoid facing the negative impacts. As much this may be true to many employees, it is in the interest of several employers to make the workplace as comfortable as it can be for various purposes. One of the key purposes of making a workplace comfortable is for employees to have a proper working environment. In turn, they are able to deliver their services as per their employers’ expec tations (Scott, Ingram, Vitanza, Smith, 2000). Employers have so far formulated means of helping employees work within the ethical standards provided. Use of supervisors to communicate to other employees about the ethical and legal compliances at the place of work forms a key implementation management uses to reach out to its staff members. Supervisors have authoritative capacities they can use to implement ethical standards in an establishment. The initial step the supervisors need to do is familiarize with the set ethics. With that done, the supervisors have ample knowledge to recognize when an employee has gone astray. Moreover, the supervisor will know the most appropriate means of correcting the mishap that happened. Supervisors have several ways they can use to monitor whether employees are following the ethics at work. One of the means the supervisors can use is to be physically present among the employees and make observations. In turn, the supervisors check whether the employees are acting and working as per the expectations of the employers. If they are not following the guidelines and ethics of the establishment, the supervisor has the mandate to act on the spot or later. The vital thing is to amend the situation using the correct means, for example, via word of mouth or in writing. In cases where the ethical violation is too challenging to handle, the supervisor may forward the matter to the management (Milne, Aylott, Fitzpatrick Ellis, 2008). How to Provide Effective Feedback in Supervision Feedback at work is an essential part of helping everyone work with a common goal. Supervisors expect supervisees to provide appropriate feedback to them. Concurrently, the management expects appropriate feedback from the supervisors concerning the job. In addition, feedback can be given from the management to the supervisor. The same can happen from the supervisors to their supervisees. The information provided by each party is crucial for the benefit of the institution and everyone working in it. Hence, there is a proper need for the information to be relayed effectively among the involved parties. This not only guarantees the information is relayed fast but also to the appropriate party. One of the key ways to provide effective feedback in supervision is to use a means that all the concerned members comprehend. In addition, accessibility to the means is essential because it gives the concerned parties a clear mode of acquiring the feedback. In turn, everyone is supplied with information related to the feedback and acts appropriately. The effectiveness of feedback is measured through various ways. Firstly, feedback is categorized effective if it reaches all the concerned parties. Additionally, the feedback should reach all the intended parties within the stipulated time (Milne, Aylott, Fitzpatrick Ellis, 2008). Effective feedback is also measured by the reaction of the parties who receive it. For example, if the recipient parties act according to the feedback given by the supervisor, the information relayed can be categorized as understandable. Apart from relevance, it is always necessary for the supervisor or supervisee to give feedback on time. This saves crucial time and avoids cases where the feedback loses meaning because the time to use it has elapsed. It is also vital to provide unbiased feedback at the place of work. This way, employees do not feel that the feedback given is unjust. They are able to work efficiently because the feedback targeted everyone. However, cases arise where feedback has to be directed to specific people at the workplace. It is essential for employees to recognize that such feedback is aimed at helping them become more effective at work and not a way of being biased to them. How to Balance Clinical (Client Welfare) Needs and Training (Trainee Development) Needs A supervisor in a clinical setting has the ultimate goal of maintaining the client’s welfare and trainee development. A clinic has a vital job of safeguarding its goals, which include promoting the clients’ welfare and maintaining high standards of services. Apart from that, the clinic has a crucial goal of providing the required support to see to it that the trainees work their way to become certified physicians. Thus, supervisors are a fundamental part of this journey as they keep the trainees on track. Supervisors have a duty to execute multiple roles while at the clinic, a situation best seen when they take care of trainees and the clinic simultaneously (National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, 2012). When clients visit the clinic, they hope to get the best services from the employees at the establishment. The supervisor expects the same from the workers. Thus, much effort is directed to ensure that the workers attend to all customers accordingly. In such situations, a trainee may be shown how to handle customers by the supervisor. However, it is essential that the supervisor and supervisee work without interfering with the client. It is challenging for a supervisor to keep track of the trainees’ progress while at the same time take care of the clients. A supervisor has to strike a clear balance between the two factors, which is best achieved by having a clear plan of handling things. This plan may involve the supervisor making observations of how the workers conduct their work. Atop that, it is necessary for the supervisor to note the strengths and weaknesses of the supervisees. Once the supervisors have ample information concerning their workers, they can sermon them at an appropriate time. The supervisors have to be meticulous not to interfere with the clients. Thus, the timing to make amendments or commend the workers needs to be perfect lest they interfere with the client’s schedule. This way, the client’s comfort and expectations are met, and the trainees’ development is maintained. As such, balance is struck between the two important factors that are vital to the functionality of the clinic. How to Demonstrate Competence in Responding To Diversity in its Many Forms in Supervision Supervisors are bound to experience diversified situations in their work because of the different supervisees they oversee. Supervisees have varying backgrounds, separate lines of thoughts, act differently at work, and respond diversely to a situation. Hence, supervisors have the ultimate duty to identify each supervisee’s characters that direct their conduct at the place of work. Comprehending these personal characters helps supervisors plan out a way that suits everyone at the clinic. Indeed, the supervisor has to be stringent in his work, but for the sake of promoting effectiveness, it is essential to leave room for understanding if a worker behaves in an unexpected manner. Supervisors demonstrate competence in responding to diversity by listening to explanations given by workers once they act in an unexpected way. Such are cases when a worker is questioned by the supervisor in concern to an inappropriate behavior or action displayed at work. The supervisor has the mandate to attain as much information as possible about an occurrence that has unfolded at work. Supervisors need to be just and offer chances to supervisees to explain their unwarranted behavior. Indeed, a clinic’s code of ethics, for example, expects supervisees to work in line with the rules. However, due to diversity, they end up functioning according to their understanding, which in this case is wrong. At this point, the supervisors need to take appropriate actions that respond to such behavior from their supervisees. Firstly, the supervisors need to identify the problem and seek a solution. Correcting the supervisees needs to be the next agenda in the plan to resolve the problems. Although the problem may be too big to handle, the supervisor needs to deal with it before handing the matter to the management. All these actions are taken as precautions to accommodate diversity and the adverse effects it has at the place of work. In addition, these actions are meant to formulate an appropriate way of resolving the issues at hand. What is needed in the Current State of Supervision Knowledge Supervisors and supervisees have vital responsibilities at the clinic with regards to customer satisfaction and deliverance of quality services. One of the leading responsibilities that both parties have is displaying adequate knowledge in relation to their clients. The ultimate goal of the two parties is to deliver quality services and meet clinic’s expectations. Hence, it is appropriate to have ample comprehension on the services their clients require and the most preferable way to deliver them. Clinic stakeholders expect supervisors to know the supervisees’ duties. In turn, the supervisors identify whether the work is done to the expected standards or not. Additionally, being familiar with the supervisees’ work makes it is easy for the supervisors to make proper corrections where the work results are substandard. In a clinic, there are several laws that all workers need to adhere to while working. Thus, all employees, supervisors and supervisees, have to be aware of as they carry out their duties. Laws and policies act as proper guidelines that each worker is expected to follow. Therefore, familiarizing with each law and policy avoids situations where employees break them without their knowledge. A supervisor is also at an advantage if they are familiar with the set laws and policies at the clinic. Firstly, they are able to identify a situation where a supervisee breaks the law. Additionally, the supervisors have the knowledge to correct the situation as per the clinic’s laws and policies (National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, 2012). Proper communication is a vital factor to uphold while working at the clinic. Supervisors and supervisees have vital information to relay to each other while at work. Thus, there is a dire need for both parties to communicate professionally and in accordance to the clinic’s expectations. This is yet another necessary factor that all parties in a clinic must have knowledge about to ensure that all things run smoothly. In addition, this creates functional relationships among all the workers in the clinic and patients. Clients are crucial in a clinic, and they need to be addressed accordingly, which is best achieved by proper communication. Conclusion Indeed, supervision is a necessity in a clinical setting for various vital reasons. Supervisees need an elaborate guide who is always present to ensure that the work delivered is up to the expectations of the clinic. This provides both clinic satisfaction and customers’ contentment. All parties in a clinic are essential and are expected to function in a way that gets the job done and in the expected standard. Supervisors, for instance, have the obligation to implement multiple roles to keep everything functional at the clinic. Moreover, they form alliances with supervisees to encourage cooperation between the two parties. When the supervisors and supervisees work together, the work is done as per the expected standards. It is extensively crucial for supervisors to observe the ethical and legal measures in the clinic. Also, it is essential for the supervisors to ensure that the supervisees work within the same ethical and legal measures. As such, discipline is maintained at the clinic and extended to the clients. Proper communication is vital to maintain in the clinic as it fuels effective feedback. Consequently, both supervisors and supervisees are aware of the occurrences unfolding at the clinic. Client welfare and trainee development are two crucial factors that supervisors find ways to maintain at the clinic. They are both necessary for the development and maintenance of proper services at the establishment. Visit CustomWritings.com paper writing service to order a custom essay, research paper or term paper on any topic. We work with the best academic writers.